Isolation, Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Physico-chemical Properties of Bioactive Polysaccharides from Fruiting Bodies of Cultivated Cordyceps cicadae (Ascomycetes)

Polysaccharides from Spores of Cordyceps cicadae Protect against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression and Oxidative Stress in Mice

“…A recent paper demonstrated that polysaccharides from the mycelium and coremium of C. cicadae exhibited hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects in diabetes rats [ 13 ]. Yang et al [ 14 ] found that a nondigestible polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of artificially cultivated C. cicadae remarkably inhibited nitric oxide, interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Zhu et al [ 2 ] found that CP70, a polysaccharide from C. cicadae prepared by the final ethanol concentration of 40%, could extend the lifespan of Drosophila by up-regulating antioxidant enzyme gene expression, thus it demonstrates strong antioxidant and anti-aging activities.…”

Unique Bioactives from Zombie Fungus (Cordyceps) as Promising Multitargeted Neuroprotective Agents

“…A similar neuroprotective effect was observed in H 2 O 2 -treated PC12 cells by acid polysaccharides (APS) from C. sinensis [ 194 , 195 ]. Furthermore, crude polysaccharides (CPs) and non-digestible polysaccharides (NPs) isolated from cultivated C. cicadae exhibited anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages [ 196 ]. Compared to CPs, NPs displayed better inhibition of NO, TNF-α, and IL-1β production in LPS-stimulated cells.…”

Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction, Antioxidant and Renal Protective Effects of Polysaccharides from Spores of Cordyceps cicadae

“…Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on Equation (5), and the results are shown in Table 3. The p-value of the model was less than 0.0001, the p-value of the lack-of-fit was not significant, the determination coefficient R 2 was 0.9265, and the signal-to-noise ratio (Adeq Precision) was 11.947.…”

“…Polysaccharides are the most attractive bioactive compounds derived from C. cicadae. In recent years, researchers have shown an increased interest in polysaccharides from C. cicadae due to their broad pharmacological activities, including their antioxidant [4], anti-inflammatory [5], immunomodulatory [6,7], antidiabetic [8], antibacterial [9], neuroprotective [10], and nephroprotective [11] activities. However, earlier research has focused almost exclusively on polysaccharides derived from the coremium and mycelium rather than from spores; it is assumed that the pharmaceutical activity of the spores might be higher than those of the mycelium and coremium [12].…”

“…However, these methods require expensive equipment and are difficult to apply to industrial production [13]. As another novel green extraction technology, aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) technology has the following advantages: (1) the water content of the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is very high (70-90%), and it can be performed in close-to-physiological conditions that make it difficult to cause the inactivation or denaturation of biological substances; (2) the phase separation time is short, the mass transfer is fast, the recovery rate is high, and the energy consumption is low; (3) various impurities can be removed during the extraction process, making the entire separation process more economical; (4) it is easy to scale-up, which is particularly advantageous for industrial applications; and (5) it is easy to operate continuously, and the equipment is simple. Generally, an ATPS can be formed with polymer-polymer, polymerinorganic salt, low-molecular-weight alcohol-inorganic salt, surfactant-surfactant, or ionic liquid-inorganic salt aqueous solutions [14].…”