Polysaccharides from Spores of Cordyceps cicadae Protect against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression and Oxidative Stress in Mice

Abstract

This study investigated the purification, preliminary structure and in vivo immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from the spores of Cordyceps cicadae (CCSP). The crude CCSP was purified by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, affording CCSP-1, CCSP-2 and CCSP-3 with molecular weights of 1.79 × 106, 5.74 × 104 and 7.93 × 103 Da, respectively. CCSP-2 consisted of mannose and glucose, while CCSP-1 and CCSP-3 are composed of three and four monosaccharides with different molar ratios, respectively. CCSP-2 exhibited its ameliorative effects in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice through significantly increasing spleen and thymus indices, enhancing macrophage phagocytic activity, stimulating splenocyte proliferation, improving natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity, improving bone marrow suppression, regulating the secretion of cytokines and immunoglobulins, and modulating antioxidant enzyme system. These results indicate that CCSP-2 might be exploited as a promising natural immunomodulator.

Pharmacological Role of Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew in Preventing Cyclophosphamide-induced Myelosuppression and Modulating Innate and Adaptive Immune Response

“…One of the major limitations of cytotoxic drugs is the production of large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by directly damaging lysosomes and other ROS containing bodies, which can cause severe damage to the endogenous antioxidant system and lead to significant decline of antioxidant enzyme activities including SOD, CAT and GSH-Px. 36 Thus, the antioxidant enzyme activity can be correlated with the degree of oxidative stress and MDA is one of the most sensitive biomarkers of oxidative stress to cellular lipids. The findings of cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression model indicated that Cd.Cr has the potential to inhibit the cytotoxic effects by elevating the GSH-Px, SOD and CAT activities, and decreasing the serum MDA levels, indicating that Cd.Cr could enhance the antioxidant capacity of cyclophosphamide-intoxicated animals.…”

Quality evaluation of immunomodulatory polysaccharides from Agaricus bisporus by an integrated fingerprint technique

“…Previous studies showed that glucogalactan can enhance immunity (Zhu et al, 2012). ABP17-2 contained Glc and Gal with a molar ratio about of 1:1, and it is a glucogalactan with a low molecular weight of 17.3 kDa.…”

“…The immunomodulatory activity and other bioactivities of polysaccharides are highly correlated with their unique structures, such as molecular weight, conformation, monosaccharide composition, and glycosidic linkages (Bao et al., 2002; Chen et al., 2020; Li et al., 2020a, 2020b, 2020; Zheng et al., 2022). Most fungus‐derived polysaccharides are complicated mixtures, containing multiple polysaccharide fractions with different structure features, which affect their bioactivities and pose challenges for their quality control.…”

Isolation and structural characterization of exopolysaccharide from the Cordyceps cicadae and the immunomodulatory activity on RAW264.7 cells

“…extracted polysaccharides from the spores of Paecilomyces cicadae and explored their regulation of immune activity. Zheng et al 13 . extracted polysaccharides from spores of C. cicadae and used CTX‐induced immunostimulatory activity in immunosuppressed mice to elucidate the mechanism of immune regulation.…”

“…Chen et al 12 extracted polysaccharides from the spores of Paecilomyces cicadae and explored their regulation of immune activity. Zheng et al 13 extracted polysaccharides from spores of C. cicadae and used CTX-induced immunostimulatory activity in immunosuppressed mice to elucidate the mechanism of immune regulation. There are many studies on the immunoactivity of polysaccharides from liquid fermentation mycelium, fruiting body, and spore of C. cicadae, 11,12,14,15 but the effect of C. cicadae exopolysaccharides on immunoregulation is rarely studied.…”