Isolation and RFLP genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from the domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) from Grenada, West Indies revealed high genetic variability

Dubey, J. P.; Tiwari, Keshaw; Chikweto, Alfred; DeAllie, Claude; Sharma, Ravindra; Thomas, Derek; Choudhary, Shanti; Ferreira, L. R.; Oliveira, Solange; Verma, S.; Kwok, O. C. H.; Su, Chunlei

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.07.029

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A related study on T. gondii genotyping in stray dogs in Grenada reported type III as the most common and with high diversity (Dubey et al, 2013). In rats from Grenada, the only isolate was also a type III (Dubey et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Isolation and RFLP Genotyping ofToxoplasma gondiiin Free-Range Chickens (Gallus domesticus) in Grenada, West Indies, Revealed Widespread and Dominance of Clonal Type III Parasites

Chikweto

Sharma

Tiwari

et al. 2017

Journal of Parasitology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Isolation and RFLP Genotyping ofToxoplasma gondiiin Free-Range Chickens (Gallus domesticus) in Grenada, West Indies, Revealed Widespread and Dominance of Clonal Type III Parasites

Chikweto

Sharma

Tiwari

et al. 2017

Journal of Parasitology

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“…Genotype #141 has also been isolated from a fox in Pennsylvania, USA, and, notably, has been demonstrated to be acutely virulent to outbred mice even at low infection levels (10 tachyzoites) [ 27 ]. Genotype #13 has previously been isolated from chickens [ 16 ] and a goat [ 28 ] in Brazil, chickens [ 29 ] and a dog [ 30 ] in Grenada and a howler monkey in Brazil [ 31 ]. While these studies report that genotype #13 is avirulent for mice, in the present study 8 out of 9 mice inoculated with genotype #13 had to be euthanized due to clinical signs of toxoplasmosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predominance of atypical genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii in free-roaming chickens in St. Kitts, West Indies

et al. 2017

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Background Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide protozoan parasite of felids which can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Free-roaming chickens are good indicators of environmental contamination with T. gondii oocysts because they feed from the ground. Previous research has demonstrated a high seroprevalence of T. gondii in domestic animals on St. Kitts but little is known about the genotypes circulating in the environment.MethodsHearts and brains from 81 free-roaming chickens in St. Kitts were digested and inoculated into 243 Swiss Webster mice in a bioassay. DNA was extracted from digested chicken tissues and the brains of all mice, and screened for T. gondii. Positive samples were genotyped using restriction fragment length polymorphism. Chicken sera were also screened for T. gondii antibodies using a modified agglutination test (MAT).ResultsOverall, 41% (33 out of 81) of chickens were positive for T. gondii either by serology and/or by PCR. Antibodies to T. gondii were detected by MAT in 32% (26 out of 81) of chickens, and T. gondii DNA was detected in mouse brains representing 26% (21 out of 81) of chickens. Genotyping of 21 DNA isolates, using polymorphisms at 10 loci, including SAG1, SAG2 (5′-3′ SAG2 and alt.SAG2), SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and Apico, revealed that 7 were ToxoDB genotype #141, 6 were #1 (Type II), 3 were #13, 3 were #265, one was #264 and one was #2 (Type III). Genotypes #13 and #141 appear to be more virulent.ConclusionsThe results of this study highlight the greater genetic diversity of T. gondii circulating in the Caribbean region, with potentially different degrees of virulence to humans.

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“…Hence, the mixed genotypes might exist in some regions and complicate the infection symptoms [18]. Therefore, we used two markers for accurate characterization; many investigations used more markers, for the same reason, to identify T. gondii isolates [32,33]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii Type I, predominant genotype isolated from sheep in South of Iran

et al. 2017

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Aim:This study was performed to determine the genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep using nested-polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in Southern Iran.Materials and Methods:The tissue samples of diaphragm and heart from 125 sheep were collected from the main slaughterhouses of Jahrom district in South of Fars province, Iran, between Aprils and June 2013. The DNA were extracted and analyzed by nested-PCR using specific primers for SAG2 and GRA6 loci. RFLP was used to classify strains into one of the three major lineages of T. gondii.Results:T. gondii Type I was predominant in this area. The data obtained from both loci demonstrated that the frequency of each genotype was 72% Type I, 2.4% Type III, 7.2% mixed Type I and II, 16.8% mixed Type I and III, 0.8% mixed Type II and III, and 0.8% mixed Type I, II and III.Conclusions:Although the previously published data indicated that Type II is the predominant T. gondii genotype in sheep in the other parts of the world, this study showed that genotype I is the dominant genotype of T. gondii in the southern Iran; however, other genotypes were detected. High diversity of T. gondii genotypes including mix genotypes in lambs is of importance for the public health. These studies depict a new mapping of T. gondii genotypes pattern which could be very helpful in toxoplasmosis control and prevention.

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Isolation and RFLP genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from the domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) from Grenada, West Indies revealed high genetic variability

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Isolation and RFLP Genotyping ofToxoplasma gondiiin Free-Range Chickens (Gallus domesticus) in Grenada, West Indies, Revealed Widespread and Dominance of Clonal Type III Parasites

Isolation and RFLP Genotyping ofToxoplasma gondiiin Free-Range Chickens (Gallus domesticus) in Grenada, West Indies, Revealed Widespread and Dominance of Clonal Type III Parasites

Predominance of atypical genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii in free-roaming chickens in St. Kitts, West Indies

Toxoplasma gondii Type I, predominant genotype isolated from sheep in South of Iran

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