Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of an orf virus from sheep in Makhdoom, India

Abstract

Orf (contagious ecthyma) is an exanthematic disease caused by a parapoxvirus and occurs primarily in sheep and goats with zoonotic implications. In the present investigation, an orf outbreak in the Muzzaffarnagari sheep flock at the Central Institute for Research on Goats (CIRG), Makhdoom, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India, was investigated. Primary goat testes cell culture was used for isolation of the orf virus (ORFV) for the first time. The identity of the virus was confirmed by amplification and sequence analysis of the major envelope glycoprotein (B2L) gene and named ORFV/sheep/India/2012/CIRG. On phylogenetic analysis of B2L protein gene, it clustered with the ORFV strains from China suggesting distinct ORFV strains are circulating in India. On comparison of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence analysis (n = 63), a unique 126S residue was observed in ORFV/sheep/India/2012/CIRG. On further sequence analysis (B2L) of different ORFV strains (n = 63), some conserved amino acid residues were identified as host-specific (sheep, human, camel, takin, and musk ox) and have been summarized.

Isolation and molecular characterization of contagious pustular dermatitis virus from Rajasthan, India

“…The envelope gene (B2L) of ORFV encodes a highly immunogenic envelope protein of about 42 kDa. The B2L, DNA polymerase, GIF/IL-2 and VIR genes have been used in studies related to genetic variation and molecular epidemiology [3,12,14,15].…”

“…CPDV/IND2013/02 showed 98 % nt identity with a most recent isolate from Central Institute for Research on Goats (CIRG), Makhdoom, Mathura, (Accession no. KC992325) [12]. Although CPDV strains isolated from different hosts grouped very closely in the phylogenetic tree showing very high identity levels, Kumar et al [12] have identified a critical amino acid (aa) residue at position 249 in the B2L gene.…”

“…KC992325) [12]. Although CPDV strains isolated from different hosts grouped very closely in the phylogenetic tree showing very high identity levels, Kumar et al [12] have identified a critical amino acid (aa) residue at position 249 in the B2L gene. All the sheep strains had serine (249S) whereas all the goat strains except few (JN088053, JQ349520, AY278209, JN846834, JQ040300, and DQ263303) had glycine (249G) at this position.…”

“…The B2L gene based phylogenetic analyses presented here revealed that four species of parapoxviruses (ORFV, PCPV, BPSV, PVNZ) form separate clusters with nucleotide identity levels in the range of 46-95 %. Recently there have been increased reports of CPDV infection worldwide and is enzootic in India [3,12,20]. More recently an outbreak of CPDV infection was reported in Muzzaffarnagari sheep flock of the CIRG, Makhdoom, Mathura, with about 10 % morbidity and no mortality [12].…”

“…Recently there have been increased reports of CPDV infection worldwide and is enzootic in India [3,12,20]. More recently an outbreak of CPDV infection was reported in Muzzaffarnagari sheep flock of the CIRG, Makhdoom, Mathura, with about 10 % morbidity and no mortality [12]. ORFV has been extensively investigated over recent years, Fig.…”