Isolation and Partial Characterisation of Three Major Allergens in an Extract from Cow Hair and Dander

Prahl, P.; Bucher, Ditlef; Plesner, Torben; Weeke, B.; Løwenstein, Henning

doi:10.1159/000233036

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The strong association of work-related allergy symptoms with cattle-related sensitization in this study may be a result of the unique characteristics of claw trimming with constantly high cattle allergen exposure. However, regarding the sensitization pattern in the immunoblot experiments, we found more specific reactivity at molecular weights of about 16 kDa rather than in the range of about 20 kDa previously described as the major allergen Bos d 2 (Prahl et al 1982; Ylönen et al 1992; Rautiainen et al 1997). The relevance of these proteins to an earlier stage of sensitization should be addressed in further studies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Testing for cattle allergy: modified diagnostic cutoff levels improve sensitivity in symptomatic claw trimmers

Heutelbeck

Dik

Hallier

et al. 2010

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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BackgroundThe diagnosis of cattle-related sensitization is complicated by the variability and complexity of cattle allergen extracts.ObjectiveTo evaluate a modified diagnostic procedure leading to more accurate results especially in the early phase of sensitization.MethodsWe tested 27 claw trimmers with and 65 without cattle-related symptoms using two commercially available cattle allergen extracts. We also used a self-prepared cattle allergen mix designed to represent the full spectrum of cattle allergens from a typical agricultural workplace.ResultsMore than 50% of symptomatic claw trimmers showed negative test results with commercial extracts and a sensitization cutoff point of 0.35 kU/l. In contrast, with the self-prepared cattle allergen mix, positive results were observed for almost all of them. Evaluating the results of the commercial test kits at different cutoff levels, we found an ideal cutoff point to improve the sensitivity at 0.2 kU/l.ConclusionAdditional tests with self-made cattle hair extracts can help to bridge the diagnostic gap seen in patients showing cattle-related symptoms, but negative results in commercially available tests. For early-stage sensitization screening, we propose to lower the cutoff level indicating sensitization to 0.2 kU/l.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Testing for cattle allergy: modified diagnostic cutoff levels improve sensitivity in symptomatic claw trimmers

Heutelbeck

Dik

Hallier

et al. 2010

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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“…These investigations demonstrated 23 allergens and characterized 4 of them (Ag l, 3, 6, and 14) as major allergens [23], Ag 1 (molecular weight 24 kD) and Ag 3 (20 kD) seem to be the most important concerning sensitization to cow hair and dander [21]. In the allergen nomenclature of 1988 [24] these allergens are designated as Bos d(omesticus) I and Bos d II, and later as Bos d 1 and Bos d 2 [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Isolation and characterization of allergens in extracts from cow hair and dander have been studied [20][21][22]. These investigations demonstrated 23 allergens and characterized 4 of them (Ag l, 3, 6, and 14) as major allergens [23], Ag 1 (molecular weight 24 kD) and Ag 3 (20 kD) seem to be the most important concerning sensitization to cow hair and dander [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cow Hair Allergen (Bos d 2) Content in House Dust: Correlation with Sensitization in Farmers with Cow Hair Asthma

Hinze

Bergmann²,

Løwenstein³

et al. 1997

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Farmers (N = 45) suffering from occupational cow hair asthma were visited at home to evaluate the concentration of cow hair major allergen Bos d 2 in the house dust and to correlate these results with measures of avoidance, degree of sensitization, clinical symptoms, and lung function. Bos d 2 was determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. In dust of tiles and linoleum Bos d 2 was difficult to detect, whereas dust samples of carpets often contained high concentrations of the allergen (50–520 μg/g fine dust). Bos d 2 levels were significantly higher when barn and living quarters were in the same building. Concentrations of cow hair-specific IgE were correlated with concentrations of Bos d 2 in house dust samples. A concentration of 20–29 μg Bos d 2 per gram of house dust could be established as threshold value for relevant IgE sensitization. Avoiding the barn is not a sufficient avoidance measure for cow hair asthmatics if the partner continues cattle farming. Cessation of cattle farming and avoiding the former barn results in a marked reduction in Bos d 2 concentration in living quarters, a decreased degree of sensitization, and a reduced symptom score. Farmers with cow hair asthma should avoid cattle and thoroughly clean all carpets in the living quarters to avoid continuous cow allergen exposure.

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“…Early investigations of bovine dander extracts have identified 17 different antigenic components. Three of these, having molecular weights (MWs) of 24, 22 and 20 kDa, have been characterized as major allergens [3,4,5]. Subsequent studies have shown that the 20-kDa protein, designated as Bos d 2, is the most important allergen in cow antigen extracts [6,7,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Sandwich ELISA to Measure Exposure to Occupational Cow Hair Allergens

Zahradnik

Sander

Bruckmaier

et al. 2011

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Cow hair and dander are important inducers of occupational allergies in cattle-exposed farmers. To estimate allergen exposure in farming environments, a sensitive enzyme immunoassay was developed to measure cow hair allergens. Methods: A sandwich ELISA was developed using polyclonal rabbitantibodies against a mixture of hair extracts from different cattle breeds. To assess the specificity of the assay, extracts from other mammalian epithelia, mites, molds and grains were tested. To validate the new assay, cow hair allergens were measured in passive airborne dust samples from the stables and homes of farmers. Dust was collected with electrostatic dust fall collectors (EDCs). Results: The sandwich ELISA was found to be very sensitive (detection limit: 0.1 ng/ml) and highly reproducible, demonstrating intra- and interassay coefficients of variation of 4 and 10%, respectively. The assay showed no reactivity with mites, molds and grains, but some cross-reactivity with other mammalian epithelia, with the strongest reaction with goat. Using EDCs for dust sampling, high concentrations of bovine allergens were measured in cow stables (4,760–559,400 µg/m²). In addition, bovine allergens were detected in all areas of cattle farmer dwellings. A large variation was found between individual samples (0.3–900 µg/m²) and significantly higher values were discovered in changing rooms. Conclusion: The ELISA developed for the detection of cow hair proteins is a useful tool for allergen quantification in occupational and home environments. Based on its low detection limit, this test is sensitive enough to detect allergens in passive airborne dust.

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Isolation and Partial Characterisation of Three Major Allergens in an Extract from Cow Hair and Dander

Cited by 27 publications

References 22 publications

Testing for cattle allergy: modified diagnostic cutoff levels improve sensitivity in symptomatic claw trimmers

Testing for cattle allergy: modified diagnostic cutoff levels improve sensitivity in symptomatic claw trimmers

Cow Hair Allergen (Bos d 2) Content in House Dust: Correlation with Sensitization in Farmers with Cow Hair Asthma

Development of a Sandwich ELISA to Measure Exposure to Occupational Cow Hair Allergens

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