Isolation and molecular identification of actinomycetes from mycetoma patients in Sudan

Abstract

Introduction:In order to minimize chance of amputation due to actinomycetoma, it is important to correctly identify the causative agents. Microscopic examination of grains is not definite and further confirmatory diagnostic tests are needed. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of actinomycetoma and to explore the usefulness of strb1 gene in the diagnosis of the disease. Materials & Methods: The present study is a prospective cross-section laboratory-based study in which clinical samples (n = 100) from patients with mycetoma lesions were collected. The samples were cultured on Lowenstein Jensen and glucose yeast extract agar media. Grown colonies were initially identified using Gram's stain, Ziehl Neelsen stain, and selected biochemical reactions. Confirmation was done by the analysis of polymerase chain reaction amplified strb1 gene. Results: Actinomycetoma was represented by a high ratio (12%) among the study population. Nine out of the 12 isolates (75%) were found to belong to the genus Streptomyces; whereas three isolates (25%) were identified as Nocardia spp. on the basis of phenotypic and mycolic acid contents. Conclusion: It could be concluded that actinomycetoma exists with significant prevalence (12%) among patients investigated in the present study. Streptomyces is the most important etiological agent of actinomycetoma compared to Nocardia.

Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine Against Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase of Madurella mycetomatis Using Immunoinformatics Approaches

“… 2 , 5 , 6 The disease characterized by chronic subcutaneous masses, large tumor-like swellings, multiple draining sinuses, discharge grains, blood, and pus; while the recurrent infection may lead to amputation. 7 – 11 The infection is mainly located in the lower extremities, but could also affect other parts of the body. 5 , 6 Mycetoma can affect all age groups (20-50 years) and is more common in males than females with a ratio 3:1.…”

“… 8 , 9 The laboratory-based diagnostic tools and techniques of mycetoma detection include direct microscopy and cytological, histopathological, classical grain culture and immunohistochemical, molecular-based methods recently have joined the mycetoma diagnostic armamentarium. 2 , 5 , 7 , 12 On the other hand, treatment is not affordable, not effective, toxic for patients and requires a long period (18-24 months or more). 8 , 9 No vaccine was prepared yet against mycetoma; therefore, vaccination is highly recommended.…”

Epitope - based peptide vaccine againstFructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA)ofMadurella mycetomatisusing immunoinformatics approaches

“…Sudan is considered as one of the most affected regions by this disease, furthermore 70% of the prevalence causes of mycetoma is related to Madurella mycetomatis [6 , 2, 5] . The disease characterized by chronic subcutaneous masses, large tumor-like swellings, multiple draining sinuses, discharge grains, blood and pus; while the recurrent infection may lead to amputation [7,8,9,10,11] . The infection is mainly located in the lower extremities, but could also affect other parts of the body [5,6] .…”