Background. Nipah belongs to the genus Henipavirus and the Paramyxoviridae family. It is an endemic most commonly found at South Asia and has first emerged in Malaysia in 1998. Bats are found to be the main reservoir for this virus, causing disease in both humans and animals. The last outbreak has occurred in May 2018 in Kerala. It is characterized by high pathogenicity and fatality rates which varies from 40% to 70% depending on the severity of the disease and on the availability of adequate healthcare facilities. Currently, there are no antiviral drugs available for NiV disease and the treatment is just supportive. Clinical presentations for this virus range from asymptomatic infection to fatal encephalitis. Objective. This study is aimed at predicting an effective epitope-based vaccine against glycoprotein G of Nipah henipavirus, using immunoinformatics approaches. Methods and Materials. Glycoprotein G of the Nipah virus sequence was retrieved from NCBI. Different prediction tools were used to analyze the epitopes, namely, BepiPred-2.0: Sequential B Cell Epitope Predictor for B cell and T cell MHC classes II and I. Then, the proposed peptides were docked using Autodock 4.0 software program. Results and Conclusions. The two peptides TVYHCSAVY and FLIDRINWI have showed a very strong binding affinity to MHC class I and MHC class II alleles. Furthermore, considering the conservancy, the affinity, and the population coverage, the peptide FLIDRINWIT is highly suitable to be utilized to formulate a new vaccine against glycoprotein G of Nipah henipavirus. An in vivo study for the proposed peptides is also highly recommended.
Background:Mycetoma is a distinct body tissue destructive and neglected tropical
disease. It is endemic in many tropical and subtropical countries. Mycetoma
is caused by bacterial infections (actinomycetoma) such as
Streptomyces somaliensis and Nocardiae or true fungi
(eumycetoma) such as Madurella
mycetomatis. To date, treatments fail to cure the infection and
the available marketed drugs are expensive and toxic upon prolonged usage.
Moreover, no vaccine was prepared yet against mycetoma.Aim:The aim of this study is to predict effective epitope-based vaccine against
fructose-bisphosphate aldolase enzymes of M. mycetomatis
using immunoinformatics approaches.Methods and materials:Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase of M. mycetomatis sequence
was retrieved from NCBI. Different prediction tools were used to analyze the
nominee’s epitopes in Immune Epitope Database for B-cell, T-cell MHC class
II and class I. Then the proposed peptides were docked using Autodock 4.0
software program.Results and conclusions:The proposed and promising peptides KYLQ show a potent binding affinity to
B-cell, FEYARKHAF with a very strong binding affinity to MHC I alleles and
FFKEHGVPL that shows a very strong binding affinity to MHC II and MHC I
alleles. This indicates a strong potential to formulate a new vaccine,
especially with the peptide FFKEHGVPL which is likely to be the first
proposed epitope-based vaccine against fructose-bisphosphate aldolase of
M. mycetomatis. This study recommends an in vivo
assessment for the most promising peptides especially FFKEHGVPL.
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