Isolation and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma spp. in sheep and goats in Egypt

Abstract

Background and Aim: Different species of Mycoplasma are associated with many pathological problems in small ruminants including respiratory manifestation, this problem results in significant losses, especially in African countries. This study aimed to (I) study some epidemiological aspects of Mycoplasma species infections in Egyptian sheep and goats at Giza Governorate, (II) diagnosis of Mycoplasma species affections using bacterial isolation and identification, (III) apply the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for typing of different Mycoplasma species, and (IV) illustrate the phylogenetic tree for the isolated Mycoplasma species and other species from GenBank using the purified PCR product. Materials and Methods: A total of 335 samples were collected from sheep and goats from Giza Governorate in Egypt as 142 nasal swabs from clinically affected animals, 167 pneumonic lungs, 18 samples from tracheal bifurcation, and 8 samples by bronchial wash were cultured on pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLOs) media for cultivation of Mycoplasma species. PCR and sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were adopted to identify and classify the isolated Mycoplasma species. Results: A total of 24 Mycoplasma isolates were isolated on PPLO media, identified by biochemical tests, and confirmed and typed by PCR using specific primers. 10 isolates were confirmed as Mycoplasma arginini, four isolates as Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae by PCR, and 10 isolates as undifferentiated Mycoplasma species. A purified isolate of M. arginini and M. ovipneumoniae was sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was illustrated. Conclusion: M. arginini and M. ovipneumoniae are prevalent in Egyptian sheep and goats. Further studies on M. arginini are required due to its high frequency of isolation from pneumonic sheep and goats and also from animals suffer from different respiratory manifestations.

Antimicrobial effect of different herbal plant extracts against different microbial population

“…The problem of microbial resistance is growing by time and the outlook for the use of antimicrobial drugs in the future is still uncertain. Therefore, actions must be taken to face this problem and to introduce the antibacterial activity of medicinal plants ( Cowan, 1999 , Nostro et al, 2000 , Osman et al, 2013 , Osman et al, 2014a , Osman et al, 2014b , Osman et al, 2014c ; Wagdy et al, 2016; Abdel Halium et al, 2019 , Mohamed et al, 2019 , Ibrahim et al, 2019 ). In this study the antibacterial findings of Psidium guajava extract at different concentration have that able to inhibit the growth of S. aureus , Pasteruella multocida and Mycoplasma gallisepticum that correlated with the findings of Concalves et al (2008) , who studied guava extracts against food born pathogen and spoilage bacteria that due to the phenolic components which make them effective against the tested microorganisms.…”

Determination of Seroprevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia and Associated Risk Factors in Goats and Sheep Using Classification and Regression Tree

“…The reported seroprevalence rate was higher than that reported in Refs. [ 16 , 17 ], where they reported prevalences of 7.2 and 14.2, respectively. However, it concurs with other rates reported in different countries, the seroprevalence of CCPP in Ethiopia was 26% [ 8 ], 20–52% in goats and 23–36% in sheep in southern Tanzania [ 32 ].…”

“…A cross-sectional study was performed during 2019 to determine the seroprevalence and to assess the associated risk factors for CCPP in sheep and goats in four Governorates at the Nile Delta of Egypt. The minimum sample size by Governorate was determined for CCPP seroprevalence of 5% and 32% in sheep and goats during the study period, respectively [ 16 ]. The effective sample size by Governorate was approximately 62 sheep and 36 goats to estimate the seroprevalence of 5% and 32% with a precision of ±2.5% (50% relative error) at the 95% confidence level.…”

“…Since then, it has been reported in Turkey in 2003 [ 14 ], Iran during 2006–2007, Oman during 2008–2009 [ 8 ], and Yemen in 2009 [ 2 , 15 ]. In Egypt, the goat population gets more attention and the Mccp was recently isolated and detected among sheep and goats in Giza Governorate in 2015 [ 16 ], and in Matrouh governorate during 2017–2018 [ 17 ].…”

Mixed infection of Mycoplasma and bacteria of the respiratory tract of sheep with reference to the histopathological picture in Sharkia Governorate

“…Different species of Mycoplasma are associated with many pathological problems in small ruminants including respiratory manifestation, this problem results in significant losses, especially in African countries (Pálma et al, 2018). It is highly fastidious microorganisms that required very precise media to develop in vitro (Abdel-Halium et al, 2019).…”