Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic &lt;i&gt;Acanthamoeba&lt;/i&gt; Species from Air Conditioning Systems, Egypt

Gabr, N S; Mohamed, Rabie M.; Belal, Usama S.; ABDEL-FATAH, MOHAMED; Ahmed, Rasha F.; Gaber, Nisreen Abdel Tawab Abdel; Abdel-Hafeez, Ekhlas H.

doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2020.049

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It also has a worldwide distribution, and it has been detected in a variety of niches, including natural freshwater sources (e.g. hot springs, groundwater, and spring water), air conditioning units, and even public swimming pools in some countries [25 ▪ ,29,32–35]. Furthermore, Acanthamoeba has been detected in drinking water systems in many countries, including 51% of households sampled in one US study [36,37].…”

Section: Environmental Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

Amebic encephalitis and meningoencephalitis: an update on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment

Haston

Cope

2023

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of reviewFree-living amebae (FLA) including Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris, and Acanthamoeba species can cause rare, yet severe infections that are nearly always fatal. This review describes recent developments in epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of amebic meningoencephalitis. Recent findingsDespite similarities among the three pathogenic FLA, there are notable variations in disease presentations, routes of transmission, populations at risk, and outcomes for each. Recently, molecular diagnostic tools have been used to diagnose a greater number of FLA infections. Treatment regimens for FLA have historically relied on survivor reports; more data is needed about novel treatments, including nitroxoline. SummaryResearch to identify new drugs and guide treatment regimens for amebic meningoencephalitis is lacking. However, improved diagnostic capabilities may lead to earlier diagnoses, allowing earlier treatment initiation and improved outcomes. Public health practitioners should continue to prioritize increasing awareness and providing education to clinicians, laboratorians, and the public about amebic infections. Keywords amebic meningoencephalitis, encephalitis, free-living ameba &&]. PAM is a rapidly progressive disease acquired when water containing the ameba enters the nose allowing the amebae to travel to the brain, causing diffuse inflammation, cerebral edema, and ultimately, herniation. Initial signs and symptoms can include fever, headache, vomiting, and meningismus, and progresses to death in a median of 5 days. It most commonly occurs in healthy adolescent male individuals in warm, summer months. GAE, in contrast, is more common among adults, has a more insidious onset and course, and likely results from hematogenous spread of amebae to the brain after exposure through inhalation or skin exposure. GAE can present with fever, headache, altered mental status, or seizures, and progresses over weeks to months. The recommended treatment

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Section: Environmental Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

Amebic encephalitis and meningoencephalitis: an update on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment

Haston

Cope

2023

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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“…Primary amoebic meningo-encephalitis (PAM) is rarely diagnosed in Africa. However, several reports indicate the presence of pathogenic free-living amoebas in water and environment (212)(213)(214)(215). Reported cases and seroprevalence studies indicate the occurrence of infections with Naegleria fowleri (216,217), which can enter the CNS via the olfactory nerve, Acanthamoeba spp.…”

Section: Other Parasites Amoebic Encephalitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimmunology of Common Parasitic Infections in Africa

et al. 2022

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Parasitic infections of the central nervous system are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. The neurological, cognitive, and psychiatric sequelae of these infections result from a complex interplay between the parasites and the host inflammatory response. Here we review some of the diseases caused by selected parasitic organisms known to infect the nervous system including Plasmodium falciparum, Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma brucei spp., and Taenia solium species. For each parasite, we describe the geographical distribution, prevalence, life cycle, and typical clinical symptoms of infection and pathogenesis. We pay particular attention to how the parasites infect the brain and the interaction between each organism and the host immune system. We describe how an understanding of these processes may guide optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to treat these disorders. Finally, we highlight current gaps in our understanding of disease pathophysiology and call for increased interrogation of these often-neglected disorders of the nervous system.

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Global prevalence of free-living amoebae in solid matrices – A systematic review with meta-analysis

Chaúque,

da Silva,

dos Santos

et al. 2023

Acta Tropica

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Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic <i>Acanthamoeba</i> Species from Air Conditioning Systems, Egypt

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Amebic encephalitis and meningoencephalitis: an update on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment

Amebic encephalitis and meningoencephalitis: an update on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment

Neuroimmunology of Common Parasitic Infections in Africa

Global prevalence of free-living amoebae in solid matrices – A systematic review with meta-analysis

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