Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Filamentous Fungi and Yeasts From Adult House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Captured From the Hospital Environments in Ahvaz City, Southwestern Iran: Table 1.

Abstract

Musca domestica L., 1758 is capable of transferring a number of pathogenic viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites to animals and humans. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify medically important filamentous fungi and yeasts from adult M. domestica collected from two wards of three hospital environments in Ahvaz city, Khuzestan Province, southwestern Iran. The common house flies were caught by a sterile net. These insects were washed in a solution of 1% sodium hypochlorite for 3 min and twice in sterile distilled water for 1 min. The flies were individually crushed with sterile swabs in sterile test tubes. Then 2 ml of sterile normal saline (0.85%) was added to each tube, and the tube was centrifuged for 5 min. The supernatant was then discarded, and the remaining sediment was inoculated with a sterile swab in the Sabouraud's dextrose agar medium containing chloramphenicol. Isolation and identification of fungi were made by standard mycological methods. In this research, totally 190 M. domestica from hospital environments were captured. In total, 28 fungal species were isolated. The main fungi isolated were Aspergillus spp. (67.4%), Penicillium sp. (11.6%), Mucorales sp. (11%), Candida spp. (10.5%), and Rhodotorula sp. (8.4%). Among the house flies caught at the hospitals, about 80% were found to carry one or more medically important species of fungi. This study has established that common house flies carry pathogenic fungi in the hospital environments of Ahvaz. The control of M. domestica in hospitals is essential in order to control the nosocomial fungal infections in patients.

Fungi Isolated From House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on Penned Cattle in South Texas

“…(1, 2, 6)240.18 Alternaria alternata Fries (4)110.05 Epicoccum nigrum Link (3)1582.62Fungal sinusitis in the southeastern US (Noble et al 1997) Leptosphaerulina sp.110.05 Phaeosphaeria sp.110.05 Saccharomycetales Candida panamensis Suh et al110.05Beetle-associated (Suh et al 2006) Kluyveromyces marxianus Hansen3210.95Cow and goat milk (Delavenne et al 2011) Pichia jadinii Sartory et al1281.26 Pichia kudriavzevii Boidin et al110.05Bovine mastitis, Dairy cattle rumenal fluid (Hayashi et al 2013, Sirisan et al 2013) Xylaniales Hansfordia sinuosae Li & Cheng1140.63a

Fungi previously reported in the literature are noted. 1 Davari et al (2012), 2 Kassiri et al (2015), 3 Phoku et al (2016), 4 Sales et al (2002), 5 Srivoramas et al (2012), 6 Yousef (2014), 7 Zarrin et al (2007).

bTotal number of flies from which particular fungal isolates were recovered.cNumber of colony-forming units (CFU).dReferen...…”

“…1 Davari et al (2012), 2 Kassiri et al (2015), 3 Phoku et al (2016), 4 Sales et al (2002), 5 Srivoramas et al (2012), 6 Yousef (2014), 7 Zarrin et al (2007).bTotal number of flies from which particular fungal isolates were recovered.cNumber of colony-forming units (CFU).dReferences to importance of fungal isolates as disease agents or allergens.…”

“…1 Davari et al (2012), 2 Kassiri et al (2015), 3 Phoku et al (2016), 4 Sales et al (2002), 5 Srivoramas et al (2012), 6 Yousef (2014), 7 Zarrin et al (2007).…”

“…and Penicillium spp. (Sales et al 2002, Zarrin et al 2007, Davari et al 2012, Srivoramas et al 2012, Phoku et al 2014, Yousef 2014, Kassiri et al 2015, Phoku et al 2016). …”

Fly foregut and transmission of microbes

“…28, Wang et al, 2017) might also prove useful. A specific case, in point, is the study of Kassiri et al (2015) where they examined adult house flies from hospitals in Iran and showed 80% of the flies carried one or more species of medically important fungi. They did not, however, explore where these pathogens were located within the flies.…”