Fungi Isolated From House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on Penned Cattle in South Texas

Ysquierdo, Cherity A.; Olafson, Pia U.; Thomas, Donald B.

doi:10.1093/jme/tjw214

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Members of the genus Cladosporium are very diverse (772 species) and are found world-wide in air, soil, and plant debris [29, 30]. Additionally, Cladosporium has been frequently isolated from house flies [16, 31]. By contrast, here, for the first time, Wallemia is linked to M .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial communities of the house fly Musca domestica vary with geographical location and habitat

Park

Dzialo

Spaepen³

et al. 2019

Microbiome

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House flies (Musca domestica) are widespread, synanthropic filth flies commonly found on decaying matter, garbage, and feces as well as human food. They have been shown to vector microbes, including clinically relevant pathogens. Previous studies have demonstrated that house flies carry a complex and variable prokaryotic microbiota, but the main drivers underlying this variability and the influence of habitat on the microbiota remain understudied. Moreover, the differences between the external and internal microbiota and the eukaryotic components have not been examined. To obtain a comprehensive view of the fly microbiota and its environmental drivers, we sampled over 400 flies from two geographically distinct countries (Belgium and Rwanda) and three different environments—farms, homes, and hospitals. Both the internal as well as external microbiota of the house flies were studied, using amplicon sequencing targeting both bacteria and fungi. Results show that the house fly’s internal bacterial community is very diverse yet relatively consistent across geographic location and habitat, dominated by genera Staphylococcus and Weissella. The external bacterial community, however, varies with geographic location and habitat. The fly fungal microbiota carries a distinct signature correlating with the country of sampling, with order Capnodiales and genus Wallemia dominating Belgian flies and genus Cladosporium dominating Rwandan fly samples. Together, our results reveal an intricate country-specific pattern for fungal communities, a relatively stable internal bacterial microbiota and a variable external bacterial microbiota that depends on geographical location and habitat. These findings suggest that vectoring of a wide spectrum of environmental microbes occurs principally through the external fly body surface, while the internal microbiome is likely more limited by fly physiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial communities of the house fly Musca domestica vary with geographical location and habitat

Park

Dzialo

Spaepen³

et al. 2019

Microbiome

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“…Ysquierdo et al used PCR amplification of the ribosomal DNA locus with fungal‐specific primers and subsequent amplicon sequencing for detection of T . verrucosum and other fungi isolated from house flies ( Diptera : Muscidae ) on penned cattle in South Texas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ysquierdo et al 23 Due to analysis and alignment of consensus sequences two types of genotypes among the T. verrucosum strains could be distinguished.…”

Section: Fungi Isolated From House Flies On Penned Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

Deep facial mycosis due to Trichophyton verrucosum—molecular genetic identification of the dermatophyte in paraffin‐embedded tissue—case report and review of the literature

Wollina

Hansel

Uhrlaß³

et al. 2017

Mycoses

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Deep trichophytosis is relatively uncommon. The infection of the bearded area is also known as sycosis barbae or tinea barbae and can be caused by various fungal species, most often zoophilic fungi. We report on an 80-year-old male patient with severe sycosis barbae who had no animal contact and was treated with systemic antibiosis without improvement. Microbial and mycological investigations using swabs from oozing lesions revealed Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Candida parapsilosis. Histology demonstrated fungal elements in hair follicles. Paraffin-embedded material was subjected to further mycological analysis. For molecular diagnostics DNA was prepared from paraffin sections for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For sequencing, DNA was isolated from paraffin-embedded skin tissue and the ITS region of the rDNA was selected. Sequencing of the ITS2 region of rRNA revealed a 100% accordance with Trichophyton (T.) verrucosum. Treatment with oral terbinafine achieved a complete remission. Sycosis barbae is an important differential diagnosis for infections of the bearded area. Nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAAT) are more and more used for direct examination of dermatophytes in clinical samples, eg T. verrucosum. NAAT are also used as culture confirmation tests for identification of rare dermatophytes like T. verrucosum. Today, singleplex and multiplex quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays for the detection of the most common dermatophytes including T. verrucosum in clinical specimens are available. Recently, an ITS2 PCR assay has been successfully used for direct detection of T. verrucosum in paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed skin tissue. The PCR is fast and highly specific. The sensitivity of direct molecular detection of the dermatophytes both in native clinical material, and in paraffin-embedded skin tissue can been increased.

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A systematic review of human pathogens carried by the housefly (Musca domestica L.)

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe synanthropic house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), is a mechanical vector of pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites), some of which cause serious diseases in humans and domestic animals. In the present study, a systematic review was done on the types and prevalence of human pathogens carried by the house fly.MethodsMajor health-related electronic databases including PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were searched (Last update 31/11/2017) for relevant literature on pathogens that have been isolated from the house fly.ResultsOf the 1718 titles produced by bibliographic search, 99 were included in the review. Among the titles included, 69, 15, 3, 4, 1 and 7 described bacterial, fungi, bacteria+fungi, parasites, parasite+bacteria, and viral pathogens, respectively. Most of the house flies were captured in/around human habitation and animal farms. Pathogens were frequently isolated from body surfaces of the flies. Over 130 pathogens, predominantly bacteria (including some serious and life-threatening species) were identified from the house flies. Numerous publications also reported antimicrobial resistant bacteria and fungi isolated from house flies.ConclusionsThis review showed that house flies carry a large number of pathogens which can cause serious infections in humans and animals. More studies are needed to identify new pathogens carried by the house fly.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5934-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Fungi Isolated From House Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on Penned Cattle in South Texas

Cited by 5 publications

References 53 publications

Microbial communities of the house fly Musca domestica vary with geographical location and habitat

Microbial communities of the house fly Musca domestica vary with geographical location and habitat

Deep facial mycosis due to Trichophyton verrucosum—molecular genetic identification of the dermatophyte in paraffin‐embedded tissue—case report and review of the literature

A systematic review of human pathogens carried by the housefly (Musca domestica L.)

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