Isolation and Identification of Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>(MRSA) from Milk in Shire Dairy Farms, Tigray, Ethiopia

Girmay, Weldemelak; Gugsa, Getachew; Taddele, Habtamu; Tsegaye, Yisehak; Awol, Nesibu; Ahmed, Meselu; Feleke, Aklilu

doi:10.1155/2020/8833973

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It is comparable with a study reported at Alage Veterinary College Dairy Farm 21.2%, 17 Uganda 20.3% 8 and China 22.3%. 26 However, our result is lower than the prevalence conducted in Addis Ababa 50%, 9 Hawassa 51.2%, 27 Bishoftu 28.65%, 28 Hawassa 78%, 29 Mekele 32.81%, 30 China 46.2%, 31 Italy 47.2% 13 and India 54.3%. 32 These variations might be the different in management system used by the farm, types of sample for example in Italy bulk tank milk and in Hawassa 29 only milk sample was analyzed, diagnostic test like PCR test was used for a studies in Mekele and India.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…The prevalence of S. aureus from cow milk in this study 25.53% was higher than the study conducted in Mukaturi and Sululta 15.3%, 14 but lower than Tigray 38.09%. 30 This is due to variation in hygienic procedure, sample size and variation in clinical cases for example in a study conducted in Tigray all study subjects had mastitis. On the other hand, the isolation rate of S. aureus in milkers’ hand swabs and udder swabs was also (19.2%) and (10%) respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Potential Risk Factors in Selected Dairy Farms at the Interface of Animal and Human in Bishoftu, Ethiopia

Tibebu

Belete²,

Tigabu³

et al. 2021

VMRR

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Background Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) has been reported as the most commonly isolated highly contagious pathogen from human, animals and animal products. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a significant pathogen with zoonotic potential that could have devastating consequence for the health and well-being of animals and human. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2020 to January 2021. A total of 233 samples from cow milk, udder swabs and milkers’ hand swabs were collected for culture and identification based on the standard protocol. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed for all isolates by using Kirby Bauer’s disk diffusion test. MRSA was detected by cefoxitin disk diffusion test. Results S. aureus was isolated from 50 (21.46%) of 233 samples and the prevalence of MRSA was 4%. The highest prevalence was found in cow milk 36 (25.53%) followed by hand swabs 10 (19.23%) and udder swabs 4 (10%). S. aureus prevalence was 58.33%, 30.0%, 21.43%, 17.92%, 15.79% in farm D, C, E, A, B respectively. A large percentage (58.33% and 30%) were from farm D and C. S. aureus isolation rate showed statistically significant association with farm types (p = 0.011) and with previous mastitis exposure (p = 0.001). High level of resistance was observed to penicillin (94%) and ampicillin (92%), but low level resistance to gentamicin (0%), amikacin (0%), ceftriaxone (0%), chloramphenicol (4%), ciprofloxacin and cefoxitin (4%). The overall prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) was 10.42%. Conclusion Prevalence of S. aureus in milk showed statistically significant association with respect to previous mastitis exposure and farm types (p = 0.011). High level of resistant to penicillin and ampicillin was observed. Therefore, effective mastitis control programs, best veterinary practice among all farms and use of antibiotics in the farm should be strictly controlled.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Potential Risk Factors in Selected Dairy Farms at the Interface of Animal and Human in Bishoftu, Ethiopia

Tibebu

Belete²,

Tigabu³

et al. 2021

VMRR

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“…Similarly, seven S. aureus isolates were resistant to Oxacillin, but did not carry a mecA gene, which supports the findings of this study [ 18 ]. However, in a study conducted in four provinces of China, 47.6%(49/103) of S. aureus isolates from milk samples were identified as MRSA with the mecA gene [ 19 ], which is significantly higher than isolated in this study and other studies in the region [ 19 , 20 ]. MRSA carrying the mecA gene has been found in varying proportions in different parts of the world, for example, 42.9% ( n = 64) in Tigray, Ethiopia [ 20 ], 35.7% ( n = 84) in Egypt [ 21 ], 9% ( n = 728) in Karnataka, India [ 22 ], 0.8% ( n = 363) in bulk milk tanks in England and Wales [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The S. aureus and CoNS isolates were found to be relatively sensitive to Tetracycline and Cefazolin. In a study conducted in Ethiopia, isolates were highly resistant to Ampicillin, but were sensitive to Amikacin, Gentamycin, and Tetracycline [ 20 ]. A high level of MDR S. aureus was also found in several other studies [ 17 , 18 , 20 – 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study conducted in Ethiopia, isolates were highly resistant to Ampicillin, but were sensitive to Amikacin, Gentamycin, and Tetracycline [ 20 ]. A high level of MDR S. aureus was also found in several other studies [ 17 , 18 , 20 – 25 ]. Based on the antibiogram profile of S. aureus and CoNS, fourth-generation Cephalosporin group of antibiotic, Cefazolin, and tetracycline are the drugs-of-choice against S. aureus in mastitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and pattern of antimicrobial resistance in mastitis milk of cattle in Chitwan, Nepal

et al. 2021

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Background The threat of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) exists globally and has been listed as a priority pathogen by the World Health Organization. One of the sources of MRSA emergence is livestock and its products, often raised in poor husbandry conditions. There are limited studies in Nepal to understand the prevalence of MRSA in dairy animals and its antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chitwan, one of the major milk-producing districts of Nepal, from February 2018 to September 2019 to estimate the prevalence of MRSA in milk samples and its AMR profile. The collected milk samples (n = 460) were screened using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and positive samples were subjected to microbiological analysis to isolate and identify S. aureus. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to identify the presence of the mecA gene and screen for MRSA. Results In total, 41.5% (191/460) of milk samples were positive in the CMT test. Out of 191 CMT positive milk samples, the biochemical tests showed that the prevalence of S. aureus was 15.2% (29/191). Among the 29 S. aureus isolates, 6.9% (2/29) were identified as MRSA based on the detection of a mecA gene. This indicates that that 1.05% (2/191) of mastitis milk samples had MRSA. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed that 75.9% (22/29) and 48.3% (14/29) S. aureus isolates were found to be sensitive to Cefazolin and Tetracycline respectively (48.3%), whereas 100% of the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin. In total 96.6% (28/29) of S. aureus isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Conclusions This study revealed a high prevalence of S. aureus-mediated subclinical mastitis in dairy herds in Chitwan, Nepal, with a small proportion of it being MRSA carrying a mecA gene. This S. aureus, CoNS, and MRSA contaminated milk poses a public health risk due to the presence of a phenotype that is resistant to very commonly used antibiotics. It is suggested that dairy herds be screened for subclinical mastitis and treatments for the animals be based on antibiotic susceptibility tests to reduce the prevalence of AMR. Furthermore, future studies should focus on the Staphylococcus spp. to explore the antibiotic resistance genes in addition to the mecA gene to ensure public health.

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Revealing detrimental effects of various DC electrical energy conditions on different multidrug resistant bacteria: a comprehensive study

Shawki,

El-Shall,

Moustafa

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The arbitrary discharge of contaminated wastes, especially that encompass multidrug resistant microbes (MDR), would broaden the circle of epidemic diseases such as COVID-19, which in turn deteriorate definitely the whole socioeconomics. Therefore, the employment of electrical stimulation techniques such as direct current (DC) with low energy considers being effective tool to impede spontaneous changes in microbial genetic makeup, which increases the prevalence of MDR phenomenon. Herein, the influence of different electric energies generated by DC electric field, volts and time on MDR-bacteria that are categorized among the highly ranked nosocomial pathogens, was scrutinized. Wherein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis were examined as paradigms of Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. The results declared the significant superior antagonizing potency of electric energy in a dose-dependent modality rather than the applied volts or exposure time. Notably, the exposure of bacterial cultures to140 J inhibited the bacterial count by > 78% and the range of 47–73% for Gram-negative and Gram-positive, respectively. While the suppression in their metabolic activity assessed by > 75% and 41–68%, respectively; reflecting the capability of electrical energy to induce viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. Similarly, the results of total protein, extracellular protein content and lactate dehydrogenase activity emphasized the cell wall deterioration and losing of cell membrane integrity. Additionally, the elevating in ROS upon DC-exposure participated in DNA fragmentation and plasmid decomposability by the range of 33–60%. Further, SEM micrographs depicted drastic morphological deformations after electrical treatment. Strikingly, DC-treatment impaired antibiotic resistance of the examined strains against several antibiotics by > 64.2%. Generally, our comparative detailed study revealed deleterious potentiality of different DC-protocols in defeating microbial pollution, which could be invested as efficient disinfectant alternative in various sectors such as milk sterilization and wastewater purification.

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Isolation and Identification of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) from Milk in Shire Dairy Farms, Tigray, Ethiopia

Cited by 25 publications

References 42 publications

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Potential Risk Factors in Selected Dairy Farms at the Interface of Animal and Human in Bishoftu, Ethiopia

Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Potential Risk Factors in Selected Dairy Farms at the Interface of Animal and Human in Bishoftu, Ethiopia

Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and pattern of antimicrobial resistance in mastitis milk of cattle in Chitwan, Nepal

Revealing detrimental effects of various DC electrical energy conditions on different multidrug resistant bacteria: a comprehensive study

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