Isolation and identification of adherent epimural bacteria during succession in young lambs

Mueller, Richard E.; Iannotti, E. L.; Asplund, J. M.

doi:10.1128/aem.47.4.724-730.1984

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…PCR-DGGE results are not indicative of population size, and quantitative biases associated with similar methods have been demonstrated [31]. However, these methods can be used to estimate species richness, or the number of species in a habitat [2,6,19,24,32]. Furthermore, results from culture-based and physiological studies are consistent with the hypothesis that a foal can possess a gastrointestinal microbial community in the climax state by 6 -12 weeks post parturition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Bacterial Colonization of the Equine Gut; Comparison of Mare and Foal Pairs by PCR-DGGE

Earing¹,

Durig²,

Gellin³

et al. 2012

AiM

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Horses, like all animals, are born without the symbiotic microbes that occupy the gastrointestinal tracts of mature animals. As grazing animals, horses rely on these microbes to fully utilize the grasses and other cellulosic feeds that they consume. Thus, colonization of the foal's gastrointestinal tract must occur between birth and weaning. The feces of nine mare and foal pairs were sampled from the day of parturition until 12 weeks of age, and the samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The gels from feces of day (d) 0 foals had no or very few (x = 3, n = 6) bands, which indicates that species richness was low. The number of bands increased during the first 4 days of life, and by d 14 the foals and mares had similar numbers of bands (x = 28, n = 23). Some bands were present in young foals, but not in mares or in foals on d 42 or d 84, which indicated succession of bacterial species. When the PCR-DGGE profiles were compared with Dice's algorithm, all mare-foal pairwise similarities on d 14 and later were as great as the pairwise similarities between mares. These results are consistent with the idea that foals are born with a sterile gut, colonization proceeds rapidly, and a mature microbial community is present in the first few weeks of life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…[14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. By 6 weeks, calves have some of the same bacteria as adults, and by 9 -13 weeks, the bacteria isolated from calves were typical of those found in mature cattle [16,19]. Less is known about the colonization of equine gastrointestinal tract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Colonization of the Equine Gut; Comparison of Mare and Foal Pairs by PCR-DGGE

Earing¹,

Durig²,

Gellin³

et al. 2012

AiM

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“…This community follows a characteristic succession, with significant changes occurring in the generic composition through the first 10 weeks of life. According to Mueller et al (1984b) , the epimural community does not appear to be markedly different taxonomically from the bacterial community of rumen contents, since most isolated strains could be placed into common rumen genera. However, recent studies conducted using molecular tools disagree with that statement.…”

Section: Factors That Influence the Microbiota Establishing In The Rumentioning

confidence: 99%

Manipulating rumen microbiome and fermentation through interventions during early life: a review

2015

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The nutritional manipulations of the rumen microbiome to enhance productivity and health are rather limited by the resilience of the ecosystem once established in the mature rumen. Based on recent studies, it has been suggested that the microbial colonization that occurs soon after birth opens a possibility of manipulation with potential to produce lasting effects into adult life. This paper presents the state-of-the-art in relation to early life nutritional interventions by addressing three areas: the development of the rumen as an organ in regards to the nutrition of the new-born, the main factors that determine the microbial population that first colonizes and establishes in the rumen, and the key immunity players that contribute to shaping the commensal microbiota in the early stage of life to understand host-microbiome specificity. The development of the rumen epithelium and muscularization are differently affected by the nature of the diet and special care should be taken with regards to transition from liquid (milk) to solid feed. The rumen is quickly colonized by all type of microorganisms straight after birth and the colonization pattern may be influenced by several factors such as presence/absence of adult animals, the first solid diet provided, and the inclusion of compounds that prevent/facilitate the establishment of some microorganisms or the direct inoculation of specific strains. The results presented show how early life events may be related to the microbial community structure and/or the rumen activity in the animals post-weaning. This would create differences in adaptive capacity due to different early life experiences and leads to the idea of microbial programming. However, many elements need to be further studied such as: the most sensitive window of time for interventions, the best means to test long term effectiveness, the role of key microbial groups and host-immune regulations.

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“…SBSEC members are estimated to contribute 10 6 to 10 7 cells per milliliter of rumen content (Hudson et al, 2000 ). Their prevalence in cattle is estimated between 20 and 90% with lowest prevalence at early ages (Jans et al, 2015 ) while in lambs an early live predominance of SBSEC is suggested (Mueller et al, 1984 ). Colonization and predominance is likely affected by feed composition as shown for reindeers where high SBSEC colonization correlates with higher quantities of starch-rich feed during the summer months (Orpin et al, 1985 ).…”

Section: Prevalence and Colonization Of Sbsec In Animals And Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Road to Infection: Host-Microbe Interactions Defining the Pathogenicity of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex Members

Jans¹,

Boleij²

2018

Front. Microbiol.

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The Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) comprises several species inhabiting the animal and human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). They match the pathobiont description, are potential zoonotic agents and technological organisms in fermented foods. SBSEC members are associated with multiple diseases in humans and animals including ruminal acidosis, infective endocarditis (IE) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, this review aims to re-evaluate adhesion and colonization abilities of SBSEC members of animal, human and food origin paired with genomic and functional host-microbe interaction data on their road from colonization to infection. SBSEC seem to be a marginal population during GIT symbiosis that can proliferate as opportunistic pathogens. Risk factors for human colonization are considered living in rural areas and animal-feces contact. Niche adaptation plays a pivotal role where Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (SGG) retained the ability to proliferate in various environments. Other SBSEC members have undergone genome reduction and niche-specific gene gain to yield important commensal, pathobiont and technological species. Selective colonization of CRC tissue is suggested for SGG, possibly related to increased adhesion to cancerous cell types featuring enhanced collagen IV accessibility. SGG can colonize, proliferate and may shape the tumor microenvironment to their benefit by tumor promotion upon initial neoplasia development. Bacteria cell surface structures including lipotheichoic acids, capsular polysaccharides and pilus loci (pil1, pil2, and pil3) govern adhesion. Only human blood-derived SGG contain complete pilus loci and other disease-associated surface proteins. Rumen or feces-derived SGG and other SBSEC members lack or harbor mutated pili. Pili also contribute to binding to fibrinogen upon invasion and translocation of cells from the GIT into the blood system, subsequent immune evasion, human contact system activation and collagen-I-binding on damaged heart valves. Only SGG carrying complete pilus loci seem to have highest IE potential in humans with significant links between SGG bacteremia/IE and underlying diseases including CRC. Other SBSEC host-microbe combinations might rely on currently unknown mechanisms. Comparative genome data of blood, commensal and food isolates are limited but required to elucidate the role of pili and other virulence factors, understand pathogenicity mechanisms, host specificity and estimate health risks for animals, humans and food alike.

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Isolation and identification of adherent epimural bacteria during succession in young lambs

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Bacterial Colonization of the Equine Gut; Comparison of Mare and Foal Pairs by PCR-DGGE

Bacterial Colonization of the Equine Gut; Comparison of Mare and Foal Pairs by PCR-DGGE

Manipulating rumen microbiome and fermentation through interventions during early life: a review

The Road to Infection: Host-Microbe Interactions Defining the Pathogenicity of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex Members

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