Isolation and Hypoglycemic Activity of Quinquefolans A,B, and C, Glycans of Panax quinquefolium Roots

Oshima, Yoshiteru; Sato, Kuniko; Hara, Hiroshi

doi:10.1021/np50050a010

Cited by 60 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Of these only the former have shown glycemic effects. Panaxans A-L (Konno et al, 1984Oshima et al, 1985Oshima et al, , 1987 and quinquefolans A-C have shown hypoglycemic effects with varying potencies when administered as intraperintoneal injections in both normal and alloxan induced hyperglycemic mice. However, their influence is dubious.…”

Section: Variable Effects Of American Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable effects of American ginseng: a batch of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) with a depressed ginsenoside profile does not affect postprandial glycemia

et al. 2003

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Background:We have repeatedly reported that American ginseng (AG) with a specific ginsenoside profile significantly decreases postprandial glycemia. Whether this effect is reproducible using AG with a different profile is unknown. We therefore investigated the effect of a different batch of AG on glycemia following a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Methods: Using a randomized, single blind design, 12 normal subjects (six males and six females, aged 31 AE 3 y, body mass index (BMI) 28 AE 2 kg=m 2 ) received 6 g AG or placebo 40 min before a 75 g OGTT. The protocol followed the guidelines for the OGTT, with venous blood samples drawn at 7 40, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. Ginsenosides in the AG were assessed by established methods for HPLC-UV. Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated that there was no significant effect of the AG on incremental plasma glucose (PG) or insulin (PI) or their areas under the curve Indices of insulin sensitivity (insulin sensitivity index (ISI)) and release (DPI 30-0 =DPG 30-0 ) calculated from the OGTT were also unaffected. The AG contained 1.66% total ginsenosides, 0.90% (20S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides, and 0.75% (20S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides, with the following key ratios: PPD:PPT of 1.2, Rb 1 :Rg 1 of 8.1, and Rb 2 :Rc of 0.18. Conclusions: The present batch of AG was unable to reproduce the postprandial hypoglycemic effects we observed previously. Possible explanations for this discrepancy include marked decrements in total ginsenosides and the key ratios PPD:PPT, Rb 1 :Rg 1 , and Rb 2 :Rc. These data suggest that the ginsenoside profile of AG might play a role in its hypoglycemic effects. The involvement of other components cannot, however, be precluded.

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Section: Variable Effects Of American Ginsengmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable effects of American ginseng: a batch of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) with a depressed ginsenoside profile does not affect postprandial glycemia

et al. 2003

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“…These include decreasing glucose tolerance curves in diabetic mice, 19 and decreasing the level of fasting blood glucose both in mice and rats. The latter having been accomplished by several types of ginseng and their isolates: American, 19,20 Asian, 6,18 Korean red, Shiu-Chi, Eleutherrococcus, Aralia, Canadian white, 19 and fraction DPG-3-2.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous animal studies indicate that P ginseng CA Meyer 6,18 and P quinquefolius L 19,20 have sig- ; mean [±SD] weight, 81±9 kg) were recruited from faculty and students at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, and through hospital advertisements. The 2 groups did not differ significantly in their weight (P = .6, t test).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) Reduces Postprandial Glycemia in Nondiabetic Subjects and Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Vuksan¹,

Sievenpiper²,

Koo³

et al. 2000

Arch Intern Med

321

175

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Background: Despite a lack of medical evidence to support its therapeutic efficacy, the use of herbal medicine has increased considerably. Ginseng, one of the most widely used herbs, is hypothesized to play a role in carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes mellitus. We therefore undertook a preliminary short-term clinical study to assess whether American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) affects postprandial glycemia in humans.

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“…Still, an intriguing property of ginseng is its hypoglycemic effect, which is supported by several animal studies (11)(12)(13). Additionally, 2 studies in humans have confirmed ginseng' s glucose-lowering ability (14,15).…”

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confidence: 91%

Similar postprandial glycemic reductions with escalation of dose and administration time of American ginseng in type 2 diabetes.

et al. 2000

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OBJECTIVE -We previously demonstrated that 3 g American ginseng (AG) reduced postprandial glycemia (PPG) in type 2 diabetic individuals. We investigated whether further reductions can be achieved with escalation of dose and time of AG administration.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Ten type 2 diabetic patients (6 men, 4 women; age 63 ± 2 years; BMI 27.7 ± 1.5 kg/m 2 ; HbA 1c 7.3 ± 0.3%) were randomly administered 0 g (placebo) or 3, 6, or 9 g ground AG root in capsules at 120, 80, 40, or 0 min before a 25-g oral glucose challenge. Capillary blood glucose was measured before ingestion of AG or placebo and at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min from the start of the glucose challenge.RESULTS -Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that treatment (0, 3, 6, and 9 g AG) but not time of administration (120, 80, 40, or 0 min before the challenge) significantly affected PPG (P Ͻ 0.05), with significant (P = 0.037) interaction for area under the curve (AUC). Pairwise comparisons showed that compared with 0 g (placebo), 3, 6, or 9 g significantly (P Ͻ 0.05) reduced AUC (19.7, 15.3, and 15.9%, respectively) and incremental glycemia at 30 min (16.3, 18.4, and 18.4%, respectively), 45 min (12.5, 14.3, and 14.3%, respectively), and 120 min (59.1, 40.9, and 45.5%, respectively). However, pairwise comparisons showed no differences between the 3-, 6-, or 9-g doses and any of the times of administration.CONCLUSIONS -AG reduced PPG irrespective of dose and time of administration. No more than 3 g AG was required at any time in relation to the challenge to achieve reductions. Because these reductions included glycemia at the 2-h diagnostic end point, there may be implications for diabetes diagnosis and treatment.

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Isolation and Hypoglycemic Activity of Quinquefolans A,B, and C, Glycans of Panax quinquefolium Roots

Cited by 60 publications

References 6 publications

Variable effects of American ginseng: a batch of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) with a depressed ginsenoside profile does not affect postprandial glycemia

Variable effects of American ginseng: a batch of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) with a depressed ginsenoside profile does not affect postprandial glycemia

American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) Reduces Postprandial Glycemia in Nondiabetic Subjects and Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Similar postprandial glycemic reductions with escalation of dose and administration time of American ginseng in type 2 diabetes.

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