ISOLATION AND GENOTYPING OF Toxoplasma gondii IN SERONEGATIVE URBAN RATS AND PRESENCE OF ANTIBODIES IN COMMUNICATING DOGS IN BRAZIL

Ruffolo, Bruno Bergamo; Toledo, Roberta dos Santos; Martins, Felippe Danyel Cardoso; Bugni, Felipe Monteiro; Costa, Letícia da; Marana, Elizabete Regina Marangoni; Navarro, Italmar Teodorico; Garcia, João Luís; Su, Chunlei; Freire, Roberta Lemos

doi:10.1590/s1678-9946201658028

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In addition, the 2 samples that were negative and with an intermediate titter (1/200) by IFAT resulted positive by PCR, however genotyping was not plausible, suggesting that the amount of T. gondii DNA tissues was low. On the other hand, a low percentage of T. gondii serologically positive animals resulted also positive by PCR, similar as reported by other authors (RUFFOLO et al, 2016;YAN et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Four isolates from tissues were obtained, and the genotyping by nPCR-RFLP was performed using the same markers used in this study plus CS3. Genotyping revealed that all isolates were non-clonal (# 14 and # 21, with predominance of type III alleles) (RUFFOLO et al, 2016). These allele combinations are frequently observed for T. gondii isolates from South America (BERNSTEIN et al, 2018;RAJENDRAN et al, 2012).…”

Section: Rat2argmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in synanthropic rodents from Argentina

Dellarupe

Fitte

Pardini

et al. 2019

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are closely related coccidian parasites (phylum Apicomplexa). This is the first study from urban synanthropic rodent species that involved serological and molecular diagnosis of T. gondii and N. caninum infection, and genotyping of T. gondii in Argentina. A total of 127 rodent samples were trap captured: Mus musculus (n = 78), Rattus norvegicus (n = 26) and Rattus rattus (n = 23). Antibodies against T. gondii and N. caninum were detected by IFAT in 32.8% (40/122) and 0.8% (1/122) of rodent samples, respectively, demonstrating contact with these protozoans. Additionally, T. gondii DNA was detected in 3.3% (4/123) of rodent central nervous system samples and 2 samples were genotyped by multilocus nPCR-RFLP. Neospora caninum DNA was not detected by PCR. The 2 genotyped samples were type III allele for all markers except for SAG-1 (type I for Rat1Arg and type II/III for Rat2Arg) and were identified as #48 and #2 (likely) according to the allele combinations reported on Toxo DB (Toxo-DB). The results of the present study revealed a wide distribution of T. gondii and less for N. caninum, in synanthropic rats and mice in the studied area.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Rat2argmentioning

confidence: 81%

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in synanthropic rodents from Argentina

Dellarupe

Fitte

Pardini

et al. 2019

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…Despite small rodents may represent a source of infection for dogs by the consumption of rodents infected with cysts of T. gondii (29,30,33,34) , in the present study, there was no association with hunting rodents.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 76%

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasmosis in Humans and Dogs From a Small Municipality in Parana, Brazil

et al. 2017

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Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis with important public health implications. The aims of this study were to determine and identify factors associated to the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in humans and dogs from Jataizinho, Parana State, Brazil. Serum samples from 280 humans and 766 dogs, from rural and urban areas, were tested by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Positive dilutions were ≥ 1:16. Epidemiological informations were obtained through an individual questionnaire and data tabulation was performed using EpiInfo 3.5.3 (CDC, Atlanta). Statistical significance was evaluated by chi-square (ᵪ 2 ) or Fisher's exact tests with a 5.0 % significance level. The seroprevalence in humans was 70.00% (196/280), as follows: 69.08% (143/207) in rural and 72.60% (53/73) in a slum urban community. The seroprevalence in dogs was 52.35% (401/766), as follows: 71.74% (99/138) in rural and 48.08% (302/628) in urban area. In rural areas, there was no factor associated to risk of infection. In urban slum community, visualizing more than four rats at home was a factor statistically associated to seropositivity for human toxoplamosis. Infection of urban dogs was associated to age, contact with stray dogs or rodents, and free access to street. The results indicated a similar possibility of contact with Toxoplasma gondii between dogs and humans living in rural or slum urban areas of small municipalities.Keywords: IFAT; prevalence; Toxoplasma gondii; zoonosis. ResumoA toxoplasmose é uma doença de distribuição mundial com importantes implicações em saúde 2 Cienc. anim. bras., Goiânia, v.18, 1-9, e-42102, 2017Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in humans and dogs… pública. Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar e identificar fatores associados à soroprevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em humanos e cães de Jataizinho, Paraná, Brasil. Amostras de soro de 280 humanos e 766 cães, de áreas rural e urbana, foram testadas pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI). Foram consideradas positivas diluições ≥1:16. Informações epidemiológicas foram obtidas por meio de questionário individual e a tabulação dos dados foi realizada com EpiInfo 3.5.3 (CDC, Atlanta). A significância estatística foi avaliada por Chi-quadrado (ᵪ 2 ) ou Exato de Fisher com nível de significância de 5,0 %. A soroprevalência em humanos foi como segue: 70,00% (196/280), 69,08% (143/207) em área rural e 72,60% (53/73) em uma comunidade urbana carente. Em cães, foi 52,35% (401/766), na área rural 71,74% (99/138) e na área urbana 48,08% (302/628). Nas áreas rurais não houve fator estatisticamente associado ao risco de toxoplasmose. Na área urbana, visualizar mais do que quatro ratos em casa foi fator associado à soropositividade para toxoplasmose em humanos. A soropositividade em cães urbanos apresentou associação à idade, ao contato com cães errantes ou roedores e com acesso livre à rua. Os resultados indicaram semelhante possibilidade de contato com Toxoplasma gondii entre cães e humanos residentes em áreas rura...

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“…Thus, an absent or insufficient sewer system may directly lead to an increase in the rodent population [70], facilitating hunting and consumption of potentially infected animals by cats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and simultaneous representative seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in owners and their domiciled dogs in a major city of southern Brazil

et al. 2017

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Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, has traditionally been considered an important water and foodborne protozoonosis with important public health considerations. Although felids play a well-established role as definitive hosts, canine epidemiological involvement in the parasite’s life cycle remains questionable and controversial. The increasing closeness of the human-dog bond, particularly seen in urban settings, has been recognized as a historically unprecedented worldwide movement. Sharing daily lives in the same households, dogs may be exposed to similar associated risks of T. gondii infection as their owners. Thus, epidemiological assessment of the intra-domiciled environment, especially among socio-economically different human populations, may provide novel information regarding the actual role of dogs in animal and human toxoplasmosis. Despite spatial approaches being recently used for other water and foodborne diseases, no study has been conducted on the simultaneous spatial seroprevalence of both human and animal IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies in urban areas of major cities. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to assess the seroprevalence and associated variables of Toxoplasma infection in owners and their domiciled dogs in Londrina, southern Brazil. Human and canine seroprevalence rates and variables associated with seroprevalence were investigated through representative random sampling among 564 households, which included 597 owners and 729 dogs. Overall, statistically significant differences between the seroprevalence of human and dog anti-T. gondii antibodies were found by Immunofluorescence Antibody Testing in 248/597 (41.54%) owners and 119/729 (16.32%) dogs. Through multiple analysis, significant concomitant variables for seropositivity of household individuals (people and dogs) were determined, including public sewer service, yard cleaning frequency, and having a dirty yard. Although no statistically significant multiple logistic model was observed among owners, univariate analysis detected associations with monthly income, soil contact, and occupation. Among dogs, the absence of other dogs and the absence of a dirty yard were concomitant significantly protective associated factors. Age differences between seropositive and seronegative individuals was significant only for human beings, with the median age of negative individuals significantly higher than positive individuals. Although no spatial clusters were identified for humans or residences, a significant cluster was identified for dogs. In conclusion, characteristics of urban toxoplasmosis may include significantly higher owner seroprevalence than their owned dogs, with canine seroprevalence directly associated with having more dogs and a dirty backyard, and spatial differences in both human and dog exposures. Although not a good indicator for human foodborne diseases, dogs may be a reliable sentinel for environmental infection. Moreover, such a holistic approach may provide crucial information for more focused prevention and...

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ISOLATION AND GENOTYPING OF Toxoplasma gondii IN SERONEGATIVE URBAN RATS AND PRESENCE OF ANTIBODIES IN COMMUNICATING DOGS IN BRAZIL

Cited by 15 publications

References 54 publications

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in synanthropic rodents from Argentina

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in synanthropic rodents from Argentina

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasmosis in Humans and Dogs From a Small Municipality in Parana, Brazil

Spatial and simultaneous representative seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in owners and their domiciled dogs in a major city of southern Brazil

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