Isolation and Characterization of Viruses Related to the SARS Coronavirus from Animals in Southern China

Zheng, Bo-Jion; He, Yuxian; Liu, X. L.; Zhuang, Zhen; Cheung, Y. M.; Luo, Shiwen; Li, P. H.; Zhang, L. J.; Guan, Yupeng; Butt, K. M.; Wong, Kit Hong; Chan, KH; Lim, Wilina; Shortridge, K. F.; Yuen, Kwok‐Yung; Peiris, J. S. Malik; Poon, Leo L. M.

doi:10.1126/science.1087139

Cited by 2,191 publications

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“…Point mutations or deletions in the S protein and NSPs have been associated with changes in tropism and virulence of coronaviruses ( 4 – 7 , 13 ). CCoV strain CB/05 showed intact structural and nonstructural proteins, with an S protein closely related to that of other type II CCoVs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, changes in tissue tropisms in porcine and murine coronaviruses ( 5 , 6 ) and adaptation of the recently recognized severe acute respiratory syndrome–associated coronavirus ( 7 ) to humans have been related to mutations or deletions. A third canine coronavirus, CRCoV, detected in the respiratory tract, has <96.0% amino acid (aa) conservation in the spike (S) protein with bovine coronavirus within group 2 coronaviruses, which provides strong evidence for a recent host-species shift ( 2 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Canine Coronavirus Highly Pathogenic for Dogs

Buonavoglia

Decaro

Martella

et al. 2006

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Canine Coronavirus Highly Pathogenic for Dogs

Buonavoglia

Decaro

Martella

et al. 2006

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

180

176

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“…22 As of today, no efficacious therapy is available, although many candidate anti-SARS-CoV agents have been identified. 17,23,24,25 Encouraged by the strong antimalarial activity of FQ on CQ-resistant clones and field isolates, we aimed to study if hydroxyferroquine (HFQ) might retain a significant activity against P. falciparum and a set of different viruses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Synthesis of Hydroxyferroquine Derivatives with Antimalarial and Antiviral Activities

et al. 2006

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Three ferroquine (FQ) derivatives, closely mimicking the antimalarial drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been prepared. Whereas these organometallic compounds provide the expected reduced cytotoxic effects compared to FQ, they inhibit in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum far better than chloroquine (CQ). Moreover, this new class of bioorganometallic compounds exert antiviral effects with some selectivity towards SARS-CoV infection. These new drugs may offer an interesting alternative for Asia where SARS originated and malaria has remained endemic.

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“…However, this concern is very minimal, since the two known human coronaviruses (strains 229E and OC43) do not cause severe clinical diseases and we still do not have data about the prevalence of the antibodies to other coronaviruses or relevant microorganisms in human populations (4,6,8). Therefore, it is important to identify the immunoreactive epitope of the N protein or other proteins specific to the SARS-CoV for serodiagnosis of SARS.…”

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confidence: 99%

Use of the COOH Portion of the Nucleocapsid Protein in an Antigen-Capturing Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Specific and Sensitive Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

Qiu

Wang

et al. 2005

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Antibody detection with a recombinant COOH portion of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) protein, N13 (amino acids 221 to 422), was demonstrated to be more specific and sensitive than that with the full-length N protein, and an N13-based antigen-capturing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay providing a convenient and specific test for serodiagnosis and epidemiological study of SARS was developed.Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious threat to public health and the economy on a global scale. A novel coronavirus, the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), has been identified as the etiological agent for SARS (6). For serodiagnosis of the SARS-CoV infection in clinical microbiology laboratories, the recombinant antigen-based enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting specific antibodies is well known to offer higher reproducibility and to be more easily standardized and less laborious than either an indirect immunofluorescence assay based on virus-infected cells or an ELISA based on whole-virus lysate and does not require cultivation of the SARS-CoV (12). Since the specific antibodies to nucleocapsid (N) protein are most abundant in the sera from SARS patients (5), several groups have developed some recombinant N protein-based ELISAs. In general, these new assays are more specific and sensitive than the ELISA based on whole-virus lysate, but some false-positive results still occurred with sera from non-SARS patients or healthy people, even with sera collected several years before the SARS outbreak (3,7,8,(10)(11)(12).Since the N proteins of the known coronaviruses are relatively conserved, the expressed N protein of the SARS-CoV in Escherichia coli cross-reacts with polyclonal antisera of some known animal coronaviruses in antigenic group I, including transmissible gastroenteritis virus, feline infectious peritonitis virus, and canine coronavirus (9), which raised concerns of potential false positives when the recombinant N protein of the SARS-CoV, whole-virus antigen extracts, or virus-infected cells are used as reagents. However, this concern is very minimal, since the two known human coronaviruses (strains 229E and OC43) do not cause severe clinical diseases and we still do not have data about the prevalence of the antibodies to other coronaviruses or relevant microorganisms in human populations (4,6,8). Therefore, it is important to identify the immunoreactive epitope of the N protein or other proteins specific to the SARS-CoV for serodiagnosis of SARS.In our previous study, the antigenicity of different regions of the SARS-CoV N protein was analyzed by using a protein microarray. Four important regions with possible epitopes were identified, and the full-length N protein and two truncated N proteins, N8 (comprising amino acids [aa] 51 to 422) and N13 (aa 221 to 422), reacted with all 52 sera from SARS patients (1). Among these recombinant proteins, N13 is the shortest one, which decreases the possibility of cross-reaction with antibodies to other microorga...

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Isolation and Characterization of Viruses Related to the SARS Coronavirus from Animals in Southern China

Cited by 2,191 publications

References 6 publications

Canine Coronavirus Highly Pathogenic for Dogs

Canine Coronavirus Highly Pathogenic for Dogs

Design and Synthesis of Hydroxyferroquine Derivatives with Antimalarial and Antiviral Activities

Use of the COOH Portion of the Nucleocapsid Protein in an Antigen-Capturing Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Specific and Sensitive Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

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