The order of the cyanogen-bromide-derived peptides from al(III) chains of pepsin-solubiliied calf skin collagen was found to be 3A-3B-3-74-61,8,24-9A-9B. The amino-acid sequences of the NHrterminal region of all peptides were determined by Edman's automated degradation procedure. The alignment of the peptides along the peptide chain was established by searching for the best homology between the partial sequences of the cyanogen bromide peptides from the al(III) chain and the completely known sequence of the al(I) chain. Characterization of three cyanogen-bromide-derived double peptides provided confirmation of the deduced order. A sequence Gly-Met-Hyl-Gly-His-Arg-Gly-Phe-was established near the NHrterminus and a sequence Gly-Ile-Hyl-Gly-HisArg-Gly-Phe near the COOH-terminus of the al(III) chain. Identical sequences have been found in the corresponding regions of the al(I) chain. They include hydroxylysine, a site for intermolecular crosslink formation. Because these sequences are conserved during evolution of the collagen molecule, they are probably important for collagen structure and function. Determination of the primary structure of the chains of various types of collagen is a formidable undertaking since each chain contains more than 1000 amino acids (1). However, the complete sequence of amino acids in the al chain of type I collagen is known (2), and about two-thirds of the sequence of amino acids in the a2 chain is also established (3). In such studies the chains are digested with cyanogen bromide (CNBr), the order of the peptides along the chain is deduced, and the detailed sequence analysis of the various peptides is carried through to completion.Work is now in progress to determine the sequence of al(III) chains. Type III collagen was first detected in fetal skin (4), but since then it has been found in a variety of tissues from humans, calves, chickens, and rabbits (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)