Isolation and characterization of new bacteriophages for Myxococcus xanthus

Rodrigues, F. K.; Virrankoski-Castrodeza, Virpi; Parish, J.H.; Grimm, K.

doi:10.1007/bf00511224

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In summary, techniques for phage isolation include one or more cycles of bacterial growth in liquid broth or on agar surfaces with subsequent (1) killing of bacteria with chloroform thereby releasing intracellular phages [ 39 , 41 ], (2) filtration and centrifugation [ 42 ], and/or (3) centrifugation in sucrose gradients [ 41 , 43 ]. As typical for many phages, bivalent Ca 2+ -ions were reported to increase resulting phage titers [ 34 ], and mitomycin C was used to trigger the lytic phase of temperate phages and facilitate their excision [ 42 ]. Finally, plaques of several phages (Mx1 l 3 and Mx8 l 1) were discovered on plates of mutagen-treated cell cultures containing Mx4 l 6 [ 42 ].…”

Section: Isolation Procedures Of Myxophages From Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophages of Myxococcus xanthus, a Social Bacterium

Vasse

Wielgoss

2018

Viruses

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Bacteriophages have been used as molecular tools in fundamental biology investigations for decades. Beyond this, however, they play a crucial role in the eco-evolutionary dynamics of bacterial communities through their demographic impact and the source of genetic information they represent. The increasing interest in describing ecological and evolutionary aspects of bacteria–phage interactions has led to major insights into their fundamental characteristics, including arms race dynamics and acquired bacterial immunity. Here, we review knowledge on the phages of the myxobacteria with a major focus on phages infecting Myxococcus xanthus, a bacterial model system widely used to study developmental biology and social evolution. In particular, we focus upon the isolation of myxophages from natural sources and describe the morphology and life cycle parameters, as well as the molecular genetics and genomics of the major groups of myxophages. Finally, we propose several interesting research directions which focus on the interplay between myxobacterial host sociality and bacteria–phage interactions.

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Section: Isolation Procedures Of Myxophages From Naturementioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophages of Myxococcus xanthus, a Social Bacterium

Vasse

Wielgoss

2018

Viruses

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“…Phage 2 cls~TS~m7 (referred to simply as 2)was propagated by heat induction of a lysogen; the phage were released from harvested ceils with 0022-1317/82/0000-4601 $02.00 © 1982 SGM CHC13 (Goldberg & Howe, 1969) and assayed by using a suppressing strain, Escherichia coli Ymel, as an indicator. Phage 2 was purified by methods described for myxococcus phages by Rodrigues et al (1980). Myxococcus phage Mx416 was propagated and purified as described by Rodrigues et al (1980) using Myxococcus xanthus HP908 as host.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phage 2 was purified by methods described for myxococcus phages by Rodrigues et al (1980). Myxococcus phage Mx416 was propagated and purified as described by Rodrigues et al (1980) using Myxococcus xanthus HP908 as host.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condensed DNA Structures Derived from Bacteriophage Heads

Virrankoski-Castrodeza

Fraser

Parish

1982

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYBacteriophage 2 particles were rendered osmotically fragile by incubation, spread over hypophase and examined by electron microscopy. When water was used as hypophase, condensed structures were released from the phage heads and treatment of these with cytochrome c or several alternative proteins resulted in the release of free, relaxed DNA. Phage were pretreated with nitrogen mustard, a bifunctional alkylating agent; when the condensed structures from such phage particles were treated with protein, DNA was released in small supercoiled domains. This confirmed a previous finding that bacteriophage DNA has a supercoiled topology and suggests that the winding pattern of DNA in the phage might involve small domains of coiled DNA analogous to nucleosomes. Such a conformation could be consistent with other studies on the arrangement of DNA in phage heads if the domains have parallel axes.

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“…Until now it has been impossible to isolate specific phages for this strain from soil samples. The phages Mx-1 and Mx-8 from Myxococcus xanthus, which can multiply on other myxobacteria (Tsopanakis & Parish 1976, Rodrigues et al 1980), can adsorb on Myxococcus coralloides D, but are unable to multiply in this strain. In Myxococcus virescens V2, two specific endonucleases make this strain restrictive for the phage Mx-1 (Morris & Parish 1976).…”

Section: Myxococcus Coralloides D Produces High Levels Of Cell-boundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deoxyribonuclease activities in Myxococcus coralloides D

Martı́nez-Cañamero

Muñoz

Extremera

et al. 1991

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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Myxococcus coralloides D produced cell-bound deoxyribonucleases (DNases) during the exponential phase of growth in liquid medium. DNase activity was much higher than that detected in other myxobacterial strains and was fractionated into three different peaks by filtration through Sephadex G-200. The DNases were named G, M and P. The optimum temperatures were 37 degrees C, 33 degrees C and 25 degrees C respectively, although high activities were recorded over the temperature range 20-45 degrees C. The pH range of high activity was between 6.0 and 9.0, with an optimum for each DNase at 8.0. DNases M and P were strongly inhibited by low concentrations of NaCl, but activity of DNase G was less affected by NaCl. The three activities required divalent metal ions as cofactors (especially Mg2+ and Mn2+); however, other metal ions (Fe2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) were inhibitors. The molecular weights were estimated by gel filtration chromatography and SDS-PAGE as 44 kDa (DNase G), 49 kDa (DNase M) and 39 kDa (DNase P).

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Isolation and characterization of new bacteriophages for Myxococcus xanthus

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Bacteriophages of Myxococcus xanthus, a Social Bacterium

Bacteriophages of Myxococcus xanthus, a Social Bacterium

Condensed DNA Structures Derived from Bacteriophage Heads

Deoxyribonuclease activities in Myxococcus coralloides D

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