Bacteriophages of Myxococcus xanthus, a Social Bacterium

Vasse, Marie; Wielgoss, Sébastien

doi:10.3390/v10070374

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The virulent myxophage Mx1 [ 57 ] is a double-stranded DNA Myoviridae, morphologically similar to coliphages T2 and T4 [ 48 , 71 ]. A single-source stock of Mx1 was generated by infecting a growing liquid culture of GJV1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As predators of many microbes, myxobacteria are predicted to strongly shape the structure and evolution of soil microbial communities [ 46 , 47 ]. Myxobacteria are themselves subject to selective pressure by myxophages [ 48 ], which in turn are likely to strongly shape myxobacterial social evolution. For example, cell-surface molecules such as type-IV pili and O-antigen serve as phage receptors in many bacteria [ 49 , 50 ] and also function in M. xanthus social behaviours [ 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hidden paths to endless forms most wonderful: parasite-blind diversification of host quality

2021

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Evolutionary diversification can occur in allopatry or sympatry, can be driven by selection or unselected, and can be phenotypically manifested immediately or remain latent until manifested in a newly encountered environment. Diversification of host–parasite interactions is frequently studied in the context of intrinsically selective coevolution, but the potential for host–parasite interaction phenotypes to diversify latently during parasite-blind host evolution is rarely considered. Here, we use a social bacterium experimentally adapted to several environments in the absence of phage to analyse allopatric diversification of host quality—the degree to which a host population supports a viral epidemic. Phage-blind evolution reduced host quality overall, with some bacteria becoming completely resistant to growth suppression by phage. Selective-environment differences generated only mild divergence in host quality. However, selective environments nonetheless played a major role in shaping evolution by determining the degree of stochastic diversification among replicate populations within treatments. Ancestral motility genotype was also found to strongly shape patterns of latent host-quality evolution and diversification. These outcomes show that (i) adaptive landscapes can differ in how they constrain stochastic diversification of a latent phenotype and (ii) major effects of selection on biological diversification can be missed by focusing on trait means. Collectively, our findings suggest that latent-phenotype evolution should inform host–parasite evolution theory and that diversification should be conceived broadly to include latent phenotypes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden paths to endless forms most wonderful: parasite-blind diversification of host quality

2021

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“…Relevant to transduction, several temperate bacteriophages of Myxococcus spp. have been identified, and various strains of M. xanthus carry prophages of Mx alpha in their genomes [ 84 ]. The prophages reside within the variable region identified by Wielgoss et al [ 46 ] that is responsible for colony merger compatibility and they contain toxin/antitoxin systems responsible for kin discrimination [ 85 ].…”

Section: Myxobacterial Genome Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Myxobacterial Genomics and Post-Genomics: A Review of Genome Biology, Genome Sequences and Related ‘Omics Studies

2021

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Myxobacteria are fascinating and complex microbes. They prey upon other members of the soil microbiome by secreting antimicrobial proteins and metabolites, and will undergo multicellular development if starved. The genome sequence of the model myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 was published in 2006 and 15 years later, 163 myxobacterial genome sequences have now been made public. This explosion in genomic data has enabled comparative genomics analyses to be performed across the taxon, providing important insights into myxobacterial gene conservation and evolution. The availability of myxobacterial genome sequences has allowed system-wide functional genomic investigations into entire classes of genes. It has also enabled post-genomic technologies to be applied to myxobacteria, including transcriptome analyses (microarrays and RNA-seq), proteome studies (gel-based and gel-free), investigations into protein–DNA interactions (ChIP-seq) and metabolism. Here, we review myxobacterial genome sequencing, and summarise the insights into myxobacterial biology that have emerged as a result. We also outline the application of functional genomics and post-genomic approaches in myxobacterial research, highlighting important findings to emerge from seminal studies. The review also provides a comprehensive guide to the genomic datasets available in mid-2021 for myxobacteria (including 24 genomes that we have sequenced and which are described here for the first time).

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“…The virulent myxophage Mx1 57 is a double-stranded DNA Myoviridae, morphologically similar to coliphages T2 and T4 48,71 . Our stock of Mx1 was generated through infecting a growing liquid culture of GJV1.…”

Section: Strains and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myxobacteria are themselves subject to selective pressure by myxophage 48 , which in turn are likely to shape myxobacterial social evolution. For example, cell-surface molecules such as type-IV pili and O-antigen serve as phage receptors in many bacteria 49,50 and also function in M. xanthus social behaviours 51,52 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Hidden paths to endless forms most wonderful: Parasite-blind diversification of host quality

Freund

Vasse

Velicer

2020

Preprint

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Evolutionary diversification can occur in allopatry or sympatry, can be unselected or driven by selection, and can be phenotypically manifested immediately or remain phenotypically latent until later manifestation in a newly encountered environment. Diversification of host-parasite interactions is frequently studied in the context of intrinsically selective coevolution, but the potential for host-parasite interaction phenotypes to diversify latently during parasite-blind evolution is rarely considered. Here we use a social bacterium experimentally adapted to several environments in the absence of phage to analyse allopatric diversification of latent host quality - the degree to which a host population supports a viral epidemic. Phage-blind evolution reduced host quality overall, with some bacteria becoming completely resistant to growth suppression by phage. Selective-environment differences generated only mild divergence in host-quality. However, selective environments nonetheless played a major role in shaping evolution by determining the degree of stochastic diversification among replicate populations within treatments. Ancestral motility genotype was also found to strongly shape patterns of latent hostquality evolution and diversification. These outcomes show that adaptive landscapes can differ in how they constrain stochastic diversification of a latent phenotype and that major effects of selection on biological diversification can be missed by focusing on trait means. Collectively, our findings suggest that latent-phenotype evolution (LPE) should inform host-parasite evolution theory and that diversification should be conceived broadly to include latent phenotypes.

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Bacteriophages of Myxococcus xanthus, a Social Bacterium

Cited by 14 publications

References 80 publications

Hidden paths to endless forms most wonderful: parasite-blind diversification of host quality

Hidden paths to endless forms most wonderful: parasite-blind diversification of host quality

Myxobacterial Genomics and Post-Genomics: A Review of Genome Biology, Genome Sequences and Related ‘Omics Studies

Hidden paths to endless forms most wonderful: Parasite-blind diversification of host quality

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