Isolation and characterization of multiple drug-resistant bacteria from the waste of hospital and non-hospital environment

Abstract

Antibiotics used in hospitals for patient care which potentially growing antibiotic resistant bacteria in hospital waste and simultaneously transmitting to non-hospital environments by drainage system. Total 20 samples were collected randomly and examined with different bacteriological, biochemical and molecular tests. 55 bacterial isolates were isolated from all samples, among them 32 (58.2%) were from hospital environment and 23 (42.1%) were from non-hospital environment. The result of total viable count showed that maximum countable bacteria (2.20×1010) CFUs/ml that were from MARCH and the minimum number of countable bacteria (1.0×1010) CFUs/ml were isolated from the sample of Kalitola. Among the isolates, E. coli, Pseudomonas spp, Klebsiellaspp, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus spp and Vibrio spp were identified 16 (29%), 12 (21.8%), 9 (16.4%), 8 (14.5%), 5 (9%) and 5 (9%) respectively. Multidrug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosawas characterized from hospital wastewater by polymerase chain reaction assays targeting the virulence gene and 16S rRNA gene region was amplified with the universal primers. PCR amplification band was found at 1399 bp. The antibiotic sensitivity study revealed that among the hospital isolates, about (83.3%) were resistant against Ampicillin, followed by Amikacin, Kanamycin and Penicillin (77.8%). On the other hand, non- hospital isolates were resistant against Amoxicillin and Penicillin (66.7%) followed by Ampicillin and Vancomycin (58.3%). Both hospital and non-hospital isolates were sensitive to Gentamycin respectively 72.5% and 75%. The findings of the experiment suggested that hospital wastewater contained more MDR bacteria than non-hospital wastewater which are released into receiving water bodies that may cause a serious threat to public health. Reducing indiscriminate use of antibiotics in both hospital and non-hospital settings and the use of wastewater treatment plant (WTP) in a hospital may reduce this problem.
 Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2020, 6(3): 460-468

Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Bacteria Isolated from Hotspot Environments in Bahir Dar City, Northwestern Ethiopia

“…According to a study conducted in India, the incidence of antibiotic resistance was found to a maximum of 73.9% of strains were resistant to ampicillin followed by nalidixic acid (72.5%), penicillin (63.8%), co-trimoxazole (55.1%), and resistance to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, and doxycycline was recorded in less than 13% of the strains 37 which disagree with the present results. The current result also disagrees with results reported by Alam et al, 37 Moges et al 10 and Hasan et al 27 reported that most isolates were resistant to ampicillin. The probable reason for this difference may be the type of antibiotic used to test antibiotic susceptibility, the type of bacterial isolates tested, and the antibiotic used in the study areas.…”

“…(11.5%), and S. aureus (8.2%). A similar study conducted by Hasan et al 27 reported that the most frequently isolated bacteria were E. coli (29%), followed by Pseudomonas spp. (21.8%), and Klebsiella spp.…”

Profiling of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Isolated From Poultry Litter of Commercial Farms in Khulna District, Bangladesh

“…In the present study, none of the gram-negative isolates showed resistance against ciprofloxacin. This was different from other studies that have been performed in Bangladesh (Hasan et al, 2020). Among Gram-positive bacterial isolates, the most striking multiple drug-resistant isolates, which were resistant to 4 antibiotics, was B. cereus (isolate-2) followed by L. macroides (isolate-4).…”

Molecular Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Recovered from Hospital Effluents in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

“…Low resistance rates of 35% and 34% to ertapenem and meropenem, which contradicts our findings, have been reported elsewhere in South Africa [37]. The susceptibility rate against fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin 79.3% and norfloxacin 86.2%) and Nitrofurans (Nitrofurantoin 71.7%) is similar to another report [10]. In this study, aminoglycosides (amikacin and gentamicin) exhibited a high susceptibility rate, in line with an earlier study [38].…”

“…Multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria significantly impact hospitalacquired infection [9]. Modern medicine faces the challenge of increased antibiotic resistance [10]. The therapeutic action of antibiotics against K. pneumoniae has been proven abortive due to the development of resistance [11].…”