Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Bacteria Isolated from Hotspot Environments in Bahir Dar City, Northwestern Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Wastes generated from hotspot environments contain a wide range of antibiotics and pathogens that play a significant role in the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. This study was carried out to isolate bacteria from hotspot environments and determine their resistance profiles to commonly used antibiotics in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2020 to June 2021 in Bahir Dar City. A total of 126 waste and wastewater samples were aseptically collected, transported, and processed for bacteriological isolation and susceptibility testing following standard procedures. Results A total of 411 bacterial isolates were recovered and the highest value of 122 (29.7%) bacterial isolates were obtained from medical wastewater samples, and the most frequently isolated bacteria were assigned to the species Escherichia coli with 82 strains (19.5%). The results revealed that the highest resistance profile of 69 (95.8%) was obtained in Staphylococcus aureus against ampicillin and 46 (86.8%) Citrobacter spp. against tetracycline. Two hundred and sixteen (52.6%) of bacteria showed multi-drug resistance and the highest multi-drug resistance was observed in Pseudomonas spp. 47 (65.3%), followed by Escherichia coli 51 (62.2%). The highest resistance profile of 12 (85.7%) and 60 (74.1%) for tetracycline were obtained from beef waste and wastewater and medical wastewater samples. The highest multi-drug resistance was recorded in isolates isolated from beef waste and wastewater samples 11 (64.7%), followed by medical wastewater samples 84 (64.1%). Even though a higher (>0.2) multi-antibiotic resistance index was found in all hotspot environments, the highest multi-antibiotic resistance index (0.477) was recorded in bacteria isolated from medical wastewater. Conclusion It was concluded that wastes generated from hotspot environments and released in the environment contain large numbers of antibiotic-resistant, multidrug, extensively, and pan-drug-resistant bacteria. Proper waste management strategies should be established.

Isolation, identification, and characterization of resistant bacteria to antibiotics from pharmaceutical effluent and study of their antibiotic resistance

“…Our result showed that all antibiotics were 100% resistant against Staphylococcus spp., represented in Figures 4, 5C. Similarly, Farooq et al (Geta and Kibret, 2022)…”

“…Our result showed that all antibiotics were 100% resistant against Staphylococcus spp., represented in Figures 4 , 5C . Similarly, Farooq et al ( Geta and Kibret, 2022 ) identified Bacillus spp., Klebsiella spp., Coccobacilli , Staphylococcus spp., and Enterobacter spp. Unidentified Bacilli , Diplococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Streptobacillus spp., and Shigella spp.…”

“…Pharmaceutical discharges are the waste products of the pharmaceutical company generates during a drug’s manufacturing process ( Geta and Kibret, 2022 ). The pharmaceutical industry’s effluents contain antibiotics, prescription, and non-prescription drugs ( Balasa et al, 2021 ).…”

Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Bacteria Isolated from Stream Water in Bokkos Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria

“…To further complicate the problem, numerous reports have shown that enteric bacterial pathogens are resistant to multiple antibiotics enteric bacterial pathogens have been widely reported to demonstrate resistance to several antibiotics. Some bacteria pathogens with highest level of resistance were isolated from environment, surface water which serves as the main reservoir of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant https://scientifica.umyu.edu.ng/ Gugu et al, /USci, 2(3): 009 -014, September 2023 bacteria in the environment (Chaitanand et al, 2010;Verma et al, 2011;Sharma & Rai, 2012;Geta and Kibret, 2022). Antimicrobial resistance remains a global problem (Poonia et al, 2014), and it has been 20 years of increased antimicrobial resistance since it was reported (Kapil, 2004).…”