Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in <i>Theobroma cacao</i> L.

Lanaud, Claire; Risterucci, Ange-Marie; Pieretti, Isabelle; Falque, Matthieu; Bouet, André; Lagoda, Pierre

doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00802.x

Cited by 141 publications

(166 citation statements)

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“…Nine cacao microsatellite loci (mTcCIR3, mTcCIR12, mTcCIR25, mTcCIR35, mTcCIR37, mTcCIR75, mTcCIR100, mTcCIR223 and mTcCIR264; Lanaud et al, 1999) were used. The amplification reactions contained 15 ng of DNA, 100 mM of each dNTP, 0.2 mM of each primer and 1 U Taq polymerase (Invitrogen, São Paulo, Brazil) in 1 Â PCR buffer (50 mM KCl; 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.8; 0.1% Triton X-100; 1.5 mM MgCl 2 ) in a total volume of 13 ml.…”

Section: Microsatellite Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amplification reactions contained 15 ng of DNA, 100 mM of each dNTP, 0.2 mM of each primer and 1 U Taq polymerase (Invitrogen, São Paulo, Brazil) in 1 Â PCR buffer (50 mM KCl; 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.8; 0.1% Triton X-100; 1.5 mM MgCl 2 ) in a total volume of 13 ml. The amplifications were conducted using a GeneAmp 9600 thermocycler (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) with the following programme: an initial cycle of 941C for 4 min, followed by 30 cycles of 941C for 30 s, 461C or 511C for 60 s and 721C for 60 s (Lanaud et al, 1999). The amplification products were separated in denaturing sequencing gels (6% polyacrylamide; 7 M urea) that were run in 1 Â TBE (Tris-Borate-EDTA) (89 mM Tris base; 89 mM boric acid; 2 mM EDTA) at 60 W for 2.5 or 3 h and visualised by silver staining (Creste et al, 2001).…”

Section: Microsatellite Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure and mating system at the hierarchical levels of fruits and individuals of a continuous Theobroma cacao population from the Brazilian Amazon

et al. 2010

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Understanding the mating patterns of populations of tree species is a key component of ex situ genetic conservation. In this study, we analysed the genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure (SGS) and mating system at the hierarchical levels of fruits and individuals as well as pollen dispersal patterns in a continuous population of Theobroma cacao in Pará State, Brazil. A total of 156 individuals in a 0.56 ha plot were mapped and genotyped for nine microsatellite loci. For the mating system analyses, 50 seeds were collected from nine seed trees by sampling five fruits per tree (10 seeds per fruit). Among the 156 individuals, 127 had unique multilocus genotypes, and the remaining were clones. The population was spatially aggregated; it demonstrated a significant SGS up to 15 m that could be attributed primarily to the presence of clones. However, the short seed dispersal distance also contributed to this pattern. Population matings occurred mainly via outcrossing, but selfing was observed in some seed trees, which indicated the presence of individual variation for self-incompatibility. The matings were also correlated, especially within (r p(m) ¼ 0.607) rather than among the fruits (r p(m) ¼ 0.099), which suggested that a small number of pollen donors fertilised each fruit. The paternity analysis suggested a high proportion of pollen migration (61.3%), although within the plot, most of the pollen dispersal encompassed short distances (28 m). The determination of these novel parameters provides the fundamental information required to establish long-term ex situ conservation strategies for this important tropical species.

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Section: Microsatellite Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microsatellite Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure and mating system at the hierarchical levels of fruits and individuals of a continuous Theobroma cacao population from the Brazilian Amazon

et al. 2010

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“…DNA amplification used 15 primer sets with sequences previously described [31,42]. Primers were synthesized by Proligo (Boulder, CO, USA), and forward primers were 5'-labeled using WellRED fluorescent dyes (Beckman Coulter, Inc., Fullerton, CA, USA).…”

Section: Dna Isolation and Ssr Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversité et structuration génétiques dans des populations naturelles de cacaoyers (Theobroma cacao L.) en Guyane française

Lachenaud

Zhang

2008

Ann. For. Sci.

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-The native cacao trees (Theobroma cacao L.) in south-eastern French Guiana represent a noteworthy fraction of the genetic diversity of this species. Several scientific surveys have led to the collection of numerous accessions, which provides an opportunity for investigating the pattern of genetic diversity in natural populations. Using a capillary electrophoresis genotyping system, we fingerprinted 189 wild trees in 18 natural populations. Based on the 15 loci SSR profiles, we analyzed the intra-and inter-population variation and their relationship with control clones. The global allelic richness was 4.87 alleles per locus, but was 2.4 on average within individual populations; gene diversity was 0.368 and observed heterozygosity was low (0.160). Major structuring was discovered in the metapopulation of French Guianan wild cacao trees (Fst = 0.20), which could be explained by the biological characteristics of the cacao tree and the climatic events that affected the Guianan forests in the Quaternary period.cocoa / genetic diversity / population structure / fingerprinting / French Guiana Résumé -Diversité et structuration génétiques dans des populations naturelles de cacaoyers (Theobroma cacao L.) en Guyane française. Les cacaoyers spontanés (Theobroma cacao L.) du sud-est de la Guyane française représentent une part notable de la diversité génétique de l'espèce. Plusieurs prospections ont permis la collection de nombreuses accessions, permettant l'étude de la structuration de la diversité dans les populations naturelles. Cent quatre-vingt-neuf cacaoyers spontanés, issus de 18 populations, ont été génotypés grâce à un séquenceur capillaire. Les profils obtenus avec 15 marqueurs SSR ont permis d'analyser les variations intra et inter populations, et leurs relations avec des clones témoins. La richesse allélique globale est de 4,87 allèles par locus, mais de 2,4 en moyenne dans les populations ; la diversité génique est de 0,368 et l'hétérozygotie observée est faible (0,160). Une importante structuration existe dans la métapopulation de cacaoyers spontanés Guyanais, avec un Fst de 0,20, qui pourrait s'expliquer par les caractéristiques biologiques du cacaoyer et les événements climatiques ayant affecté les forêts guyanaises au Quaternaire.cacao / diversité génétique / structuration génétique / génotypage / Guyane française

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“…Microsatellites: Sixteen microsatellites (Lanaud et al, 1999) were used to study the genetic diversity of 102 individuals.…”

Section: Microsatellite Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cacao domestication I: the origin of the cacao cultivated by the Mayas

et al. 2002

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Criollo cacao (Theobroma cacao ssp. cacao) was cultivated by the Mayas over 1500 years ago. It has been suggested that Criollo cacao originated in Central America and that it evolved independently from the cacao populations in the Amazon basin. Cacao populations from the Amazon basin are included in the second morphogeographic group: Forastero, and assigned to T. cacao ssp. sphaerocarpum. To gain further insight into the origin and genetic basis of Criollo cacao from Central America, RFLP and microsatellite analyses were performed on a sample that avoided mixing pure Criollo individuals with individuals classified as Criollo but which might have been introgressed with Forastero genes. We distinguished these two types of individuals as Ancient and Modern Criollo. In contrast to previous studies, Ancient Criollo individuals formerly classified as 'wild', were found to

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Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in Theobroma cacao L.

Cited by 141 publications

References 3 publications

Understanding the genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure and mating system at the hierarchical levels of fruits and individuals of a continuous Theobroma cacao population from the Brazilian Amazon

Understanding the genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure and mating system at the hierarchical levels of fruits and individuals of a continuous Theobroma cacao population from the Brazilian Amazon

Diversité et structuration génétiques dans des populations naturelles de cacaoyers (Theobroma cacao L.) en Guyane française

Cacao domestication I: the origin of the cacao cultivated by the Mayas

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