Isolation and Characterization of Immunosuppressive Components of Three Mushrooms, Pisolithus tinctorius, Microporus flabelliformis and Lenzites betulina.

Six Immunosuppressive Features from an Ascomycete, Zopfiella ion gicaudata, Found in a Screening Study Monitored by Immunomodulatory Activity

“…Huang et al estimated that the immunosuppressive activity of emodin might be partly mediated through H 2 O 2 generated from its semiquinone form, and the free OH group at the b-position of the anthraquinone nucleus played an important role in its immunosuppressive effect. 24) The fact that the four immunosuppressive anthraquinones ZL-1 (1)-4 (4), have their free OH groups at the b-position of their anthraquinone nucleus supports the estimation by Huang et al 24) Meanwhile, in the ergosterol homologues, it is known that although ergosterol itself is not immunosuppressive, both ergosterol peroxide (5a,8a-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien3b-ol) (7) and 9(11)-dehydroergosterol peroxide (8) are immunosuppressive 25,26) (see Fig. 1).…”

Effects of triterpenes on the immune system

“…Similar effects have been described for different triterpenoids. Fujimoto et al (1994) isolated different lanostanes with immunosuppressive activity from Pisolithus tinctorius (Sclerodermataceae) and evaluated their properties against the proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) and LPS. The authors established a relationship between the chemical structure of each compound and its suppressive effect, suggesting that the presence of a five-membered ring containing the 22,28-epoxy-28-hydroxyl moiety increases the suppressive potency, while the replacement of the hydroxyl at position 28 with a carbonyl decreases the potency of the compounds studied.…”

Transformation of Ergosterol Peroxide to Cytotoxic Substances by Rat Intestinal Bacteria

“…4) EPO has significant cytotoxic activity. [5][6][7][8] Recent pharmacological studies have demonstrated that EPO also possesses immunosuppressive, 9) human T lymphocyte inhibitory, 10) anti-inflammatory, 11) phospholipase A 2 inhibitory, anti-atherosclerosis 12) apoptosis-inducing, 13) DNA topoisomerase inhibitory, 14,15) anticomplementary, 16) anti-viral, 17) anti-mycobacterial, 18) antibacterial, 19) sulfatase inhibitory, 20) and aldose reductase inhibitory 21) effects. Various mushrooms have been used as traditional or folk medicines for a long time.…”