Isolation and Characterization of cDNAs Encoding an Enzyme with Glucosyltransferase Activity for cyclo-DOPA from Four O’clocks and Feather Cockscombs

Sasaki, Nobuhiro; Wada, Koh; Koda, Takatoshi; Kasahara, Kichiji; Adachi, Tomohiko; Ozeki, Yoshihiro

doi:10.1093/pcp/pci064

Cited by 61 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In contrast to cDOPA GT activity, anthocyanidin 3GT activity was not detected in betacyanin-producing plants, but was detected in anthocyanin-producing plants (Sasaki et al, 2004). Furthermore, cDNAs encoding cDOPA5GT were isolated from the petals of M. jalapa and the inflorescences of C. cristata ( Figure S1; Sasaki et al, 2005b). The profile of the transcripts of the cDOPA5GT gene agreed with the cDOPA5GT activity during development of red petals of M. jalapa, which closely paralleled the synthesis and accumulation of betacyanin.…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Betalainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins, betalains and carotenoids

2008

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SummaryPlant compounds that are perceived by humans to have color are generally referred to as 'pigments'. Their varied structures and colors have long fascinated chemists and biologists, who have examined their chemical and physical properties, their mode of synthesis, and their physiological and ecological roles. Plant pigments also have a long history of use by humans. The major classes of plant pigments, with the exception of the chlorophylls, are reviewed here. Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids derived ultimately from phenylalanine, are water-soluble, synthesized in the cytosol, and localized in vacuoles. They provide a wide range of colors ranging from orange/red to violet/blue. In addition to various modifications to their structures, their specific color also depends on co-pigments, metal ions and pH. They are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. The lipid-soluble, yellow-to-red carotenoids, a subclass of terpenoids, are also distributed ubiquitously in plants. They are synthesized in chloroplasts and are essential to the integrity of the photosynthetic apparatus. Betalains, also conferring yellow-to-red colors, are nitrogen-containing water-soluble compounds derived from tyrosine that are found only in a limited number of plant lineages. In contrast to anthocyanins and carotenoids, the biosynthetic pathway of betalains is only partially understood. All three classes of pigments act as visible signals to attract insects, birds and animals for pollination and seed dispersal. They also protect plants from damage caused by UV and visible light.

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Section: Biosynthesis Of Betalainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins, betalains and carotenoids

2008

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“…Poly(A) + RNAs from petals of carnation Beam Cherry and delphinium Triton Light Blue plants were prepared as described previously (Sasaki et al, 2005). The cDNA templates for 39-RACE were synthesized using a 39-full RACE core kit (Takara Bio).…”

Section: Isolation Of DC Aa5gt and Dg Aa7gt Cdnas And Construction Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Glucosylation Reaction on Anthocyanins Catalyzed by Acyl-Glucose–Dependent Glucosyltransferase in the Petals of Carnation and Delphinium

et al. 2010

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Glucosylation of anthocyanin in carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus) and delphiniums (Delphinium grandiflorum) involves novel sugar donors, aromatic acyl-glucoses, in a reaction catalyzed by the enzymes acyl-glucose-dependent anthocyanin 5 (7)-O-glucosyltransferase (AA5GT and AA7GT). The AA5GT enzyme was purified from carnation petals, and cDNAs encoding carnation Dc AA5GT and the delphinium homolog Dg AA7GT were isolated. Recombinant Dc AA5GT and Dg AA7GT proteins showed AA5GT and AA7GT activities in vitro. Although expression of Dc AA5GT in developing carnation petals was highest at early stages, AA5GT activity and anthocyanin accumulation continued to increase during later stages. Neither Dc AA5GT expression nor AA5GT activity was observed in the petals of mutant carnations; these petals accumulated anthocyanin lacking the glucosyl moiety at the 5 position. Transient expression of Dc AA5GT in petal cells of mutant carnations is expected to result in the transfer of a glucose moiety to the 5 position of anthocyanin. The amino acid sequences of Dc AA5GT and Dg AA7GT showed high similarity to glycoside hydrolase family 1 proteins, which typically act as b-glycosidases. A phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences suggested that other plant species are likely to have similar acylglucose-dependent glucosyltransferases.

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“…6.1) and genes encoding UDP glycosyltransferases (UGT) with in vitro activity on betanidin are known from Dorotheanthus [10] and beet [11] though their specificity is not high. In vitro studies have also shown that the cyclo-DOPA structure can be glycosylated [12] and that the glycosylated-cyclo-DOPA can participate in the spontaneous condensation with betalamic acid. The order of modification and condensation does not appear to be fixed.…”

Section: What Are the Betalainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These modifications are most easily observed on the stable final products; however, there is some debate about when these decorations are added. Two groups have identified enzymes from betalain-producing species that are 5-O-glucosyltransferases [10,12]. One is predicted to modify the unglycosylated betacyanin, betanidin, and the other is predicted to modify cyclo-DOPA, an unstable intermediate (see Fig.…”

Section: Modification Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%