Isolation and Characterization of Canthaxanthin Biosynthesis Genes from the Photosynthetic Bacterium
            <i>Bradyrhizobium</i>
            sp. Strain ORS278

Hannibal, Laure; Lorquin, Jean; D'Ortoli, Nicolas Angles; Garcia, Nelly; Chaintreuil, Clémence; Masson‐Boivin, Catherine; Dreyfus, B; Giraud, Éric

doi:10.1128/jb.182.13.3850-3853.2000

Cited by 71 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…strain ORS278 (56), respectively. Production of these carotenoids involves separate gene clusters (17,20) and therefore different evolutionary histories, independent of those of carotenoids producing spirilloxanthin, and are not considered further here.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathway Evolution by Horizontal Transfer and Positive Selection Is Accommodated by Relaxed Negative Selection upon Upstream Pathway Genes in Purple Bacterial Carotenoid Biosynthesis

Klassen

2009

J Bacteriol

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Horizontal gene transfer and selection are major forces driving microbial evolution. However, interactions between them are rarely studied. Phylogenetic analyses of purple bacterial carotenoid biosynthesis genes suggest two lineages: one producing spheroidenone and the other producing spirilloxanthin. Of the latter lineage, Rubrivivax gelatinosus S1 and Hoeflea phototrophica DFL-43 also or instead produce spheroidenone. Evolution of the spheroidenone pathway from that producing spirilloxanthin theoretically requires changes in the substrate specificity of upstream pathway enzymes and acquisition of a terminal ketolase (CrtA). In R. gelatinosus and likely also in H. phototrophica, CrtA was acquired from the Bacteroidetes, in which it functions as a hydroxylase. Estimation of nonsynonymous and synonymous mutations using several pairwise methods indicated positive selection upon both genes, consistent with their functional changes from hydroxylases to ketolases. Relaxed negative selection upon all other carotenoid biosynthetic genes in these organisms was also apparent, likely facilitating changes in their substrate specificities. Furthermore, all genes responsible for terminal carotenoid biosynthetic pathway steps were under reduced negative selection compared to those known to govern biosynthetic pathway specificity. Horizontal transfer of crtA into R. gelatinosus and H. phototrophica has therefore likely been promoted by (i) the apparent selective advantage of spheroidenone production relative to spirilloxanthin production, (ii) reduced negative selection upon other carotenoid biosynthetic genes, facilitating changes in their substrate specificities, and (iii) preexisting low enzyme substrate specificities due to relaxed negative selection. These results highlight the importance and complexity of selection acting upon both a horizontally transferred gene and the biochemical network into which it is integrating.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathway Evolution by Horizontal Transfer and Positive Selection Is Accommodated by Relaxed Negative Selection upon Upstream Pathway Genes in Purple Bacterial Carotenoid Biosynthesis

Klassen

2009

J Bacteriol

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“…To amplify the pufL and pufM genes of ORS278 by PCR, degenerate primers were used: pufLf, (5Ј-TTYTAYGTNGGNTTYTTYGG-3Ј) and pufMr, (5Ј-CCCATNGTCCANCGCCARAA-3Ј). PCR amplification, sequence reactions, and sequence analysis were performed as previously described (16).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bradyrhizobium photosynthesis on stem nodulation of Aeschynomene sensitiva

Giraud

Hannibal

Fardoux

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Some leguminous species of the genus Aeschynomene are specifically stem-nodulated by photosynthetic bradyrhizobia. To study the effect of bacterial photosynthesis during symbiosis, we generated a photosynthesis-negative mutant of the Bradyrhizobium sp. strain ORS278 symbiont of Aeschynomene sensitiva. The presence of a functional photosynthetic unit in bacteroids and the high expression of the photosynthetic genes observed in stem nodules demonstrate that the bacteria are photosynthetically active during stem symbiosis. Stem inoculation by the photosynthetic mutant gave a 50% decrease in stem-nodule number, which reduced nitrogen fixation activity and plant growth in the same proportion. These results indicate an important role of bacterial photosynthesis in the efficiency of stem nodulation.R hizobia interact symbiotically with leguminous plants by inducing nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots. Some plants of the genus Aeschynomene, encountered in waterlogged soils or riverbanks, have the peculiar property of forming stem nodules. This very unusual behavior among leguminous plants is shared only with a few species of the genera Sesbania, Neptunia, and Discolobium (1). Rhizobia isolated from Aeschynomene stem nodules exhibit a property uncommon among other rhizobia of developing a photosynthetic system (2, 3). This was first demonstrated in the case of a strain isolated from Aeschynomene indica stem nodules and designated BTAi 1 (2). In ex planta culture, BTAi 1 required a photoperiod for production and accumulation of bacteriochlorophyll a and exhibited a photoheterotrophic and strictly aerobic photosynthesis (4, 5). In this respect, the photosynthetic activity of the bacteriochlorophyll-containing rhizobia most closely resembles that of the aerobic anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria (6, 7).Since the discovery of BTAi 1, several other rhizobia isolated from Aeschynomene stem nodules have been reported to produce bacteriochlorophyll a (8 -13). These photosynthetic Aeschynomene rhizobia were shown to form a separate subbranch of the Bradyrhizobium rRNA lineage, distinct from Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bradyrhizobium elkanii (13). All photosynthetic strains were shown to nodulate stem-nodulating Aeschynomene species specifically (13), indicating that the photosynthetic character of these rhizobia could play an important role during this unusual symbiosis. The demonstration by Evans et al. (4) that illumination of the stem nodules of A. indica by far-red light consistently accelerated acetylene reduction and the report of Fleischman and Kramer (3) on the presence of bacteriochlorophyll a in bacteroids isolated from stem nodules of Aeschynomene aspera provide further evidence for the importance of the photochemical activity of the endophytes in the stem nodules. However, no genetic study has determined the real contribution of the bacterial photosynthesis in the symbiotic interaction and its impact on plant growth.In purple bacteria, most of the genes required for the formation of the photosystem are clustered in...

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“…strain R1534) (6, 37), Pantoea agglomerans (formerly classified as Erwinia herbicola strain Eho10) (4), Bradyrhizobium sp. strain ORS278 (17), and Erythrobacter longus strain Och101 (25) has revealed well-conserved domains in the N-terminal region (FDAGPTV) and C-terminal region (GAGIPG). Genomic DNA was isolated from the cells of Brevundimonas on May 7, 2018 by guest http://aem.asm.org/ sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of a Carotenoid Biosynthesis Gene Cluster Encoding a Novel Enzyme, 2,2′-β-Hydroxylase, from Brevundimonas sp. Strain SD212 and Combinatorial Biosynthesis of New or Rare Xanthophylls

Nishida

Adachi

Kasai

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster mediating the production of 2-hydroxyastaxanthin was isolated from the marine bacterium Brevundimonas sp. strain SD212 by using a common crtI sequence as the probe DNA. A sequence analysis revealed this cluster to contain 12 open reading frames (ORFs), including the 7 known genes, crtW, crtY, crtI, crtB, crtE, idi, and crtZ. The individual ORFs were functionally analyzed by complementation studies using Escherichia coli that accumulated various carotenoid precursors due to the presence of other bacterial crt genes. In addition to functionally identifying the known crt genes, we found that one (ORF11, named crtG) coded for a novel enzyme, carotenoid 2,2-␤-hydroxylase, which showed intriguingly partial homology with animal sterol-C5-desaturase. When this crtG gene was introduced into E. coli accumulating zeaxanthin and canthaxanthin, the resulting transformants produced their 2-hydroxylated and 2,2-dihydroxylated products which were structurally novel or rare xanthophylls, as determined by their nuclear magnetic resonance and high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array detector/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry spectral data. The new carotenoid produced was suggested to have a strong inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation.Carotenoid pigments, which are included in a majority of vegetables, a variety of fruits, and a certain part of edible fish and shellfish, have attracted strong attention due to their beneficial effects on human health, e.g., their very likely prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular ailments, and age-related macular degeneration (7,12,27,36). A number of studies on carotenoids in relation to their health benefits, ranging from basic studies using experimental animals to clinical and epidemiological studies, have revealed that each carotenoid has characteristic individuality. For example, recent epidemiological studies have shown that ␤-cryptoxanthin (3-hydroxy-␤-carotene), among dietary carotenoids, is associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer (24, 56), whereas supplemental ␤-carotene has been observed to have either no effect or even a harmful effect on lung cancer risk (2, 24). Epidemiological and clinical studies have also shown that only lycopene, among dietary carotenoids, was inversely associated with prostate cancer risk (16, 51). Supplemental lutein and zeaxanthin are thought to protect against the development or progression of age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases from the results of many studies (28,45). Astaxanthin has been shown to inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (20).Xanthophylls are modified carotenes with various oxygencontaining functional groups, which constitute a major part of structurally and functionally diverse carotenoid pigments.More than 700 carotenoids have now been isolated from natural sources (8), and evaluating the pharmaceutical potential of various carotenoids with different structures could be an exciting field for medical resea...

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Isolation and Characterization of Canthaxanthin Biosynthesis Genes from the Photosynthetic Bacterium Bradyrhizobium sp. Strain ORS278

Cited by 71 publications

References 25 publications

Pathway Evolution by Horizontal Transfer and Positive Selection Is Accommodated by Relaxed Negative Selection upon Upstream Pathway Genes in Purple Bacterial Carotenoid Biosynthesis

Pathway Evolution by Horizontal Transfer and Positive Selection Is Accommodated by Relaxed Negative Selection upon Upstream Pathway Genes in Purple Bacterial Carotenoid Biosynthesis

Effect of Bradyrhizobium photosynthesis on stem nodulation of Aeschynomene sensitiva

Elucidation of a Carotenoid Biosynthesis Gene Cluster Encoding a Novel Enzyme, 2,2′-β-Hydroxylase, from Brevundimonas sp. Strain SD212 and Combinatorial Biosynthesis of New or Rare Xanthophylls

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