Isolation and characterization of a chimpanzee alphaherpesvirus

Luebcke, Emily; Dubovi, Edward J.; Black, Darla H.; Ohsawa, Kazutaka; Eberle, R.

doi:10.1099/vir.0.81606-0

Cited by 35 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Our results indicate that all HSV-2v isolates harbor a specific UL30 molecular signature that perfectly matches a nucleotide segment in the ChHV UL30 gene. As previously reported, ChHV is a true chimpanzee simplex virus rather than a variant of human HSV transmitted to chimpanzees (28). Moreover, ChHV is closely related to, but different from, HSV-2, from which it is separated by a mean distance of ϳ8% (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Genetic Diversity within Alphaherpesviruses: Characterization of a Novel Variant of Herpes Simplex Virus 2

Burrel

Désiré

Marlet

et al. 2015

J Virol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Genetic Diversity within Alphaherpesviruses: Characterization of a Novel Variant of Herpes Simplex Virus 2

Burrel

Désiré

Marlet

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…Limited phylogenetic analysis of an alphaherpesvirus (ChHV) isolated from a chimpanzee placed it within a hominid virus clade as expected based on host phylogeny [2]. However, ChHV and HSV2 are more closely related to each other than either is to HSV1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ChHV strain 105640 was originally isolated in 2004 from a chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) during an outbreak of oral lesions in a captive colony and was propagated in Vero cells as described [2]. Viral DNA was purified from infected cells on NaI gradients, sequencing was performed on a Genome Sequencer 20 (Roche) using the manufacturer’s Shotgun Sequencing protocol, gaps were closed using a conventional shotgun library, and the sequence was assembled and analyzed as described previously [5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome sequence of a chimpanzee herpesvirus and its relation to other primate alphaherpesviruses

et al. 2013

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Summary This study reports the complete genome sequence of chimpanzee herpesvirus (ChHV), an alphaherpesvirus isolated from a chimpanzee. Although closely related to human herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2), the level of sequence diversity confirms that ChHV is sufficiently distinct to be considered a member of a different virus species rather than a variant strain of HSV2. Phylogenetic comparison with other simplexviruses at several levels supports the hypothesis that HSV2 and ChHV co-evolved with their respective human and chimpanzee hosts and raises questions regarding the evolutionary origins of HSV1.

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“…Analysis of the genome of a chimpanzee herpesvirus (ChHV) isolated in 2004 showed that HSV-2 was more closely related to ChHV than to HSV-1 (13,14). Phylogenetic analysis suggested that HSV-2 might be the original human herpes simplex virus (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Geographically Diverse Clinical Isolates of Herpes Simplex Virus 2

Newman

Lamers²,

Weiner

et al. 2015

J Virol

100

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Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), the principal causative agent of recurrent genital herpes, is a highly prevalent viral infection worldwide. Limited information is available on the amount of genomic DNA variation between HSV-2 strains because only two genomes have been determined, the HG52 laboratory strain and the newly sequenced SD90e low-passage-number clinical isolate strain, each from a different geographical area. In this study, we report the nearly complete genome sequences of 34 HSV-2 lowpassage-number and laboratory strains, 14 of which were collected in Uganda, 1 in South Africa, 11 in the United States, and 8 in Japan. Our analyses of these genomes demonstrated remarkable sequence conservation, regardless of geographic origin, with the maximum nucleotide divergence between strains being 0.4% across the genome. In contrast, prior studies indicated that HSV-1 genomes exhibit more sequence diversity, as well as geographical clustering. Additionally, unlike HSV-1, little viral recombination between HSV-2 strains could be substantiated. These results are interpreted in light of HSV-2 evolution, epidemiology, and pathogenesis. Finally, the newly generated sequences more closely resemble the low-passage-number SD90e than HG52, supporting the use of the former as the new reference genome of HSV-2. IMPORTANCEHerpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) is a causative agent of genital and neonatal herpes. Therefore, knowledge of its DNA genome and genetic variability is central to preventing and treating genital herpes. However, only two full-length HSV-2 genomes have been reported. In this study, we sequenced 34 additional HSV-2 low-passage-number and laboratory viral genomes and initiated analysis of the genetic diversity of HSV-2 strains from around the world. The analysis of these genomes will facilitate research aimed at vaccine development, diagnosis, and the evaluation of clinical manifestations and transmission of HSV-2. This information will also contribute to our understanding of HSV evolution. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) are two closely related human species of herpesviruses in the genus Simplexvirus of the family Herpesviridae (1). HSV-1 is mostly associated with orofacial infections, while HSV-2 is generally associated with genital herpes. Both viruses cause significant human disease, so knowledge of the structure of their DNA genomes and the extent of their genetic variation is very important. A high overall GC content and the presence of highly reiterated repeat regions in both noncoding and coding portions of the genome complicate sequence determination (2).The HSV linear double-stranded DNA genomes consist of two covalent linked components, the long (L) and short (S) components, which invert relative to each other by intramolecular recombination (1). The L component consists of unique sequences (U L ) bounded by inverted repeats (R L and R L =), and the S component consists of unique sequences (U S ) bounded by inverted repeats (R S and R S =) (3). The termini con...

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Isolation and characterization of a chimpanzee alphaherpesvirus

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

Genetic Diversity within Alphaherpesviruses: Characterization of a Novel Variant of Herpes Simplex Virus 2

Genetic Diversity within Alphaherpesviruses: Characterization of a Novel Variant of Herpes Simplex Virus 2

Genome sequence of a chimpanzee herpesvirus and its relation to other primate alphaherpesviruses

Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Geographically Diverse Clinical Isolates of Herpes Simplex Virus 2

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