General questions of the methodology of Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI ToF MS analysis, a new technology in laboratory diagnostics of infec tions), as well as a number of special questions concerning the use of this technology in the identification and typing of causative agents of extremely dangerous infections (plague, cholera, and tularemia), are considered in the present review. The problems of sample preparation for study and the ensurance of biological safety are discussed.