Isolation and Characterization of 2,4-D Butyl Ester Degrading Acinetobacter sp. ZX02 from a Chinese Ginger Cultivated Soil

Abstract

Strain ZX02 was isolated from Chinese ginger cultivated soil contaminated with various pesticides, which could utilize 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid butyl ester (2,4-D butyl ester) as the sole carbon source. On the basis of the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene as well as the morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics of strain ZX02, the organism belonged to Gram-negative bacterium and was identified as Acinetobacter sp. ZX02. The strain ZX02 showed a remarkable performance in 2,4-D butyl ester degradation (100% removal in <96 h) in pure culture. Strain ZX02 was sensitive to tetracycline and resistant to amoxicillin and chloramphenicol in an antibiotic sensitivity test. The curing study indicates that the gene for degradation of 2,4-D butyl ester was encoded on a single plasmid of 23 kb. The gene encoding resistance to polymixin B sulfate was also located on this plasmid. On the basis of its greater biodegradation activity, this bacterium is a potential candidate as a bioremediation agent in soils contaminated with 2,4-D butyl ester.

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-induced oxidative stress: Metabolome and membrane modifications in Umbelopsis isabellina, a herbicide degrader

“…However, extensive application of 2,4-D may cause toxicological problems in non-target organisms, including soil microbiota [ 2 ]. There are reports of the toxic effects of 2,4-D on the growth of soil bacteria such as Delftia acidovorans and Pseudomonas putida [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Stress shock proteins have been found to be induced by 2,4-D in growing cultures of Burkholderia sp.…”

Effect of Cation Sorption on 2,4-D Mobility of Herbicidal Ionic Liquids in Agricultural Soil Combined with Diversity of the Bacterial Community

“…Additionally, the available safety assessment data for alkyl betaines (such as that of C 12 Betaine, or cocoamidopropyl substituent in the case of CAPBetaine) used in cosmetics also do not indicate their toxicity . In the case of the toxicity of 2,4-D, risk assessment has already been evaluated toward various organisms such as fish, amphibians, earthworms, rodents, or bacteria, − and according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, this herbicide possesses low toxicity…”

Harnessing Plant Plasmid Curing Activity as an Alternative Approach to the Antibiotic Resistance Problem

“…Fermented olive leaves have been shown to have potential antibacterial activities in plasmid profiling and plasmid curing in Staphylococcus and Streptococcus mutants [5]. Xiao et al, [6]) reported plasmid curing activity in Chinese ginger.…”