Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis in Fecal Samples from Animals

Abstract

Salmonella enterica is a microorganism with high zoonotic potential, distributed worldwide, having more than 2,610 identified serovars and affecting different animal species, both production and wildlife animals.Objective: Prevention of human salmonellosis requires prior monitoring of Salmonella in animals. In this study. Salmonella enterica serovars from different animal origins were isolated and their antimicrobial susceptibility was determined.Methods: A total of 2193 samples from different origins (feces of cattle, sheep, horses, pigs, dog, chickens and seagulls and chicken eggs) were analyzed for bacterial typing and antimicrobial susceptibility was studied by the Kirby-Bauer method including 9 antibacterial agents (florfenicol, amoxicillin, ceftiofur, gentamicin, oxytetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, enrofloxacine, ampicillin and cefoperazone) and MIC 50 and MIC 90 for 6 of them were determined.Results: A 4.38% serovar isolation (n = 96), including 6 S. Typhimurium (6.25%) from equine cattle and pig feces, 19 S. Enteritidis (19.79%) from seagulls and pigs and 71 other serovars, was obtained from the various animal origins. Serovar S. Typhimurium showed high resistance to oxytetracycline and gentamicin by the Kirby-Bauer method and a MIC 90 of 512 µg.mL -1 for oxytetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole antibiotics. By the diffusion method, serovar S. Enteritidis was resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and its MIC 90 was 256 µg.mL -1 for oxytetracycline. The 32% of Salmonella isolates showed multi-resistance, 2 strains, isolated from pigs (one S. Typhimurium and one S. Enteritidis serovars), showed resistance to 5 antimicrobials tested. Conclusion:The constant release of these serovars to the environment, reaching also animal food, is a permanent potential risk for public health, turning into a first priority the establishment of control and antibiotic therapy strategies.Citation: López-Martín JI,

Current Trend on the Economic and Public Health Significance of Salmonellosis in Iraq

“…In this regard, many efforts have been made to detect and determine the the prevailing Salmonella serotypes in Iraq. Both S. Newport and S. typhimurium have been isolated in faeces of sheep and cattle in the Duhok Abattoir, Kurdistan, Iraq (Zubair and Ibrahim, 2012;Martin et al, 2016). Similarly, S. hato, S. typhimurium, S. hadar, and S. enteritidis flora, thereby constituting a probable source of infection to humans (Chandra et al, 2006).…”

“…Some of the common means by which foodborne pathogens are transmitted include the consumption of raw meat from sheep or beef or buffalo, and poultry products. Other important food items that could play a role in the transmission of the pathogen are milk, cheese, eggs, vegetables, and fruits (Martin et al, 2016). A number of outbreaks have been reported due to the consumption of food contaminated with this pathogen in addition to a large number of infections.…”

“…and enterotoxigenic Eschericia coli (Popoff et al, 2004). Moreover, the majority of diarrhoeal diseases were recorded among children under 5 years old and the situation is further complicated by apparent difficulty and inability to diagnose these disease entities, mainly due to damage or theft of laboratory equipment (Martin et al, 2016). The incidence of typhoid fever has invariably been at a high level since the beginning of the 1990's (Ala' din, 2004).…”