Isolation and Analysis of SaMADS C, the APETALA 1 cDNA Homolog from Mustard

Menzel, G.; Apel, Klaus; Melzer, Siegbert

doi:10.1104/pp.108.2.853

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…During our work on the analysis of floral induction in the long‐day plant mustard we have isolated the orthologous LFY (Melzer, S., unpublished) and AP1 (Menzel et al . 1995) cDNAs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1996) in apical meristems at places where floral primordia will emerge. We have constitutively expressed the mustard SaAP1 cDNA (Menzel et al . 1995) in the Col ecotype and have obtained six transgenic lines with an altered flowering time.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transgenic lines that overexpress either the mustard LFY (S. Melzer, unpublished) or the mustard AP1 (Menzel et al . 1995) orthologous genes have been produced.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FPF1 modulates the competence to flowering in Arabidopsis

Melzer¹,

Kampmann²,

Chandler³

et al. 1999

The Plant Journal

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SummaryDuring the transition to¯owering the FPF1 gene is expressed in the peripheral zone of apical meristems and in¯oral meristems of Arabidopsis. Constitutive expression of FPF1 causes early¯owering in Arabidopsis under both long-day and short-day conditions and leads to a shortened juvenile phase as measured by the trichome distribution on the abaxial leaf surface. In the classical late¯owering mutants, overexpression of FPF1 compensates partially for the late¯owering phenotype, indicating that FPF1 acts downstream or in a parallel pathway to the mutated genes. The co-overexpression of 35S::AP1 with 35S::FPF1 leads to a synergistic effect on the shortening of the time to¯owering under shortday conditions. The co-overexpression of 35S::FPF1 and 35S::LFY, however, shows only an additive reduction of owering time and the conversion of nearly every shoot meristem, except the in¯orescence meristem, to a¯oral meristem under the same light conditions. In addition, the constitutive expression of FPF1 attenuates the severe lfy-1 phenotype under short days and phenocopies to a great extent the lfy-1 mutant grown under long-day conditions. Thus, we assume that FPF1 modulates the competence to¯owering of apical meristems.

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“…During our work on the analysis of floral induction in the long‐day plant mustard we have isolated the orthologous LFY (Melzer, S., unpublished) and AP1 (Menzel et al . 1995) cDNAs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FPF1 modulates the competence to flowering in Arabidopsis

Melzer¹,

Kampmann²,

Chandler³

et al. 1999

The Plant Journal

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“…6A). The expression patterns of SAMADSC from Sinapis alba (Menzel et al 1995), BOAP1 from Brassica oleracea (Anthony et al 1995), SLM4 and SLM5 of Silene 507 latifolia (Hardenack et al 1994), and ZAP1 from maize (Mena et al 1995) are very similar to those of AP1 or SQUA, so it seems likely that they are functional equivalents of these genes, though mutant phenotypes have not been reported up to now. TM4 from tomato is also expressed in inflorescence meristems, but not in developing floral organs (Pnueli et al 1991), suggesting that it is not a functional equivalent of SQUA.…”

Section: Squamosa-like Mads-box Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification and phylogeny of the MADS-box multigene family suggest defined roles of MADS-box gene subfamilies in the morphological evolution of eukaryotes

1996

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The MADS-box encodes a novel type of DNA-binding domain found so far in a diverse group of transcription factors from yeast, animals, and seed plants. Here, our first aim was to evaluate the primary structure of the MADS-box. Compilation of the 107 currently available MADS-domain sequences resulted in a signature which can strictly discriminate between genes possessing or lacking a MADS-domain and allowed a classification of MADS-domain proteins into several distinct subfamilies. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of known eukaryotic MADS-box genes, which is the first comprising animal as well as fungal and plant homologs, showed that the vast majority of subfamily members appear on distinct subtrees of phylogenetic trees, suggesting that subfamilies represent monophyletic gene clades and providing the proposed classification scheme with a sound evolutionary basis. A reconstruction of the history of the MADS-box gene subfamilies based on the taxonomic distribution of contemporary subfamily members revealed that each subfamily comprises highly conserved putative orthologs and recent paralogs. Some subfamilies must be very old (1,000 MY or more), while others are more recent. In general, subfamily members tend to share highly similar sequences, expression patterns, and related functions. The defined species distribution, specific function, and strong evolutionary conservation of the members of most subfamilies suggest that the establishment of different subfamilies was followed by rapid fixation and was thus highly advantageous during eukaryotic evolution. These gene subfamilies may have been essential prerequisites for the establishment of several complex eukaryotic body structures, such as muscles in animals and certain reproductive structures in higher plants, and of some signal transduction pathways. Phylogenetic trees indicate that after establishment of different subfamilies, additional gene duplications led to a further increase in the number of MADS-box genes. However, several molecular mechanisms of MADS-box gene diversification were used to a quite different extent during animal and plant evolution. Known plant MADS-domain sequences diverged much faster than those of animals, and gene duplication and sequence diversification were extensively used for the creation of new genes during plant evolution, resulting in a relatively large number of interacting genes. In contrast, the available data on animal genes suggest that increase in gene number was only moderate in the lineage leading to mammals, but in the case of MEF2-like gene products, heterodimerization between different splice variants may have increased the combinatorial possibilities of interactions considerably. These observations demonstrate that in metazoan and plant evolution, increased combinatorial possibilities of MADS-box gene product interactions correlated with the evolution of increasingly complex body plans.

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“…(b) Alignment of the C‐terminal regions of the predicted amino acid sequences of FUL, SAMADSB, MaMADS2, PFG and . (c) A phylogenetic tree from the predicted amino acid sequences of the genes from the SQUA subfamily of the plant species Arabidopsis ( , CAL and FUL , Kempin et al ., 1995; Mandel and Yanofsky, 1995; Mandel et al ., 1992); Sinapis ( SAMADSB , Menzel et al ., 1995); tobacco ( 1 and 2 , GenBank Accession Nos and ); petunia ( PFG , Immink et al ., 1999); apple ( MaMADS2 , Sung et al ., 1999); Eucalyptus ( EAP1 and EAP2 , Kyozuka et al ., 1997); tomato ( TM4 , Pnueli et al ., 1991); pea ( PEAM4 ); Antirrhinum ( SQUA , Huijser et al ., 1992); gerbera ( GSQUA , Yu et al ., 1999); and Silene ( SLM4 , Hardenack et al ., 1994). (d) Schematic diagram of the exons (boxes) and introns (lines) of the PEAM4 gene (EMBL Accession No.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of PEAM4, the pea AP1 functional homologue, supports a model for AP1‐like genes controlling both floral meristem and floral organ identity in different plant species

Berbel¹,

Navarro²,

Ferrándiz³

et al. 2001

The Plant Journal

115

111

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SummaryAPETALA1 (AP1) and its homologue SQUAMOSA (SQUA) are key regulatory genes specifying¯oral meristem identity in the model plants Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum. Despite many similarities in their sequence, expression and functions, only AP1 appears to have the additional role of specifying sepal and petal identity. No true AP1/SQUA-functional homologues from any other plant species have been functionally studied in detail, therefore the question of how the different functions of AP1-like genes are conserved between species has not been addressed. We have isolated and characterized PEAM4, the AP1/SQUA-functional homologue from pea, a plant with a different¯oral morphology and in¯orescence architecture to that of Arabidopsis or Antirrhinum. PEAM4 encodes for a polypeptide 76% identical to AP1, but lacks the C-terminal prenylation motif, common to AP1 and SQUA, that has been suggested to control the activity of AP1. Nevertheless, constitutive expression of PEAM4 caused early¯owering in tobacco and Arabidopsis. In Arabidopsis, PEAM4 also caused in¯orescence-to-¯ower transformations similar to constitutive AP1 expression, and was able to rescue the¯oral organ defects of the strong ap1-1 mutant. Our results suggest that the control of both¯oral meristem and¯oral organ identity by AP1 is not restricted to Arabidopsis, but is extended to species with diverse¯oral morphologies, such as pea.

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Isolation and Analysis of SaMADS C, the APETALA 1 cDNA Homolog from Mustard

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

FPF1 modulates the competence to flowering in Arabidopsis

FPF1 modulates the competence to flowering in Arabidopsis

Classification and phylogeny of the MADS-box multigene family suggest defined roles of MADS-box gene subfamilies in the morphological evolution of eukaryotes

Analysis of PEAM4, the pea AP1 functional homologue, supports a model for AP1‐like genes controlling both floral meristem and floral organ identity in different plant species

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