Isolated systolic hypertension and its determinants - A cross-sectional study in the adult population of Lucknow district in North India

Abstract

Objectives:1) To determine the prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) in the adult population of Lucknow district. 2) To study the determinants of ISH especially the relationship with age.Materials and Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four randomly selected areas of Lucknow district. A total of 800 subjects, aged 20 years and above, 400 from urban and 400 from rural area of Lucknow district were included in the study. The statistical tools used for analysis were Pearson's Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.Results:The prevalence of ISH according to JNC-7 criteria was 4.3%, which was 5.1% in men and 3.6% in women. A significant increase in the prevalence of ISH was seen with an increase in age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the determinants showed that age, BMI and smoking were significant independent risk factors of ISH.Conclusions:Given the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with ISH, the findings of this study emphasize the need for further research to document the impact of modifiable risk factors of ISH and the effect of hypertension screening and specific health promotion in bringing down the burden of ISH and related cardiovascular morbidity.

Prevalence and risk factors of isolated systolic hypertension among the elderly population in Davangere, Karnataka

“…[2] Our study also adds the similar evidence. In our study, the prevalence of ISH was found high among current smokers (50%), and the present observation was compared with Gupta et al in Shimla (8.2%), Jagdal et al in Mongolia (10.5%), and Xu et al in China (6.5%), where prevalence of ISH was seen higher among current smokers compared to nonsmokers.…”

“…In our study, prevalence of ISH was found high among Hindus (26.8%) compared to other religion, whereas a study done by Midha et al in Lucknow reported higher prevalence in others (6.9% Muslim, Christian, and Sikh). [2] The present study revealed the significant association between education and ISH (P < 0.001). Prevalence of ISH was observed high among study subjects who had educated up to primary school (18.1%).…”

“…The present results correspond with the similar study by Midha et al (22.2%) in Lucknow and Gupta et al (22.2%) in Shimla. [2,11] Our study showed a significant association between ISH and BMI (P = 0.01), higher the BMI more the risk of developing ISH was observed. The present observation was supported by Midha et al [2,11,5] In our study, prevalence of ISH was found high among both males and females (22.8%) who had higher waist-hip ratio compared to normal.…”

“…The present observations were supported by Midha et al (13.3%) study done at Lucknow and was found statistically significant. [2] In our study, the prevalence of ISH was observed high (26.4%) among study subjects who had daily salt intake of >5 g/day and association between intake of salt and ISH was found to be highly significant (P = 0.001). A similar finding was supported by Xu et al in China.…”

“…[1] The elderly, by themselves, are a vulnerable group and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are clearly a major morbidity in this age group. [2] Multiple clinical and observational studies in the elderly have demonstrated that elevated systolic blood pressure(SBP) is a more potent predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes than elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and treating isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) in the elderly reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease events. [3,4] Despite the strength of these observational and intervention studies, only about one-quarter of hypertensive individuals are being treated to goal.…”