Isolated pulmonary valve endocarditis in a normal heart

Pulmonic Valve Endocarditis Complicating Streptococcus pneumoniae Community-Acquired Pneumonia

“…Isolated pulmonary valve endocarditis is the rarest form and has been found to occur in less than 1% of cases [1]. Possible reasoning for its rarity include lower pressure gradients across valves on the right side of the heart compared to the left, lower oxygen content of venous blood, and lower frequency of malformations involving the right side of the heart [2]. Risk factors for infective endocarditis include intravenous drug abuse, alcoholism, sepsis, congenital heart defects or diseases, and central venous catheterization [3].…”

“…Of these factors, sepsis and a previously undiagnosed congenital heart defect apply to our patient. Causative organisms can vary depending on each patient's risk factors, but the predominant species involved are Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridans [2] (Table 2). Definitive diagnosis is via Duke's criteria and requires two major criteria, five minor criteria, or one major + three minor criteria (Table 3) [4].…”

A rare case of isolated streptococcal pulmonary valve endocarditis diagnosed with repeated echocardiography

“…1,2 Isolated PV endocarditis is very rare, accounting for less than 2.0% of hospitalizations for IE, and is extremely rare in patients with structurally normal hearts. [2][3][4] It mostly affects men, 5 and its main risk factors include intravenous drug abuse, alcohol abuse, sepsis, catheter -related infection, immunosuppression, dental extraction, and bowel surgery.…”

Septic Embolism: A Potentially Devastating Complication of Infective Endocarditis

“…Historically, SPE was associated with intravenous drug use [106]. However, today the most common clinical risk factors include indwelling intravascular catheters, intravascular devices, and noncardiac sources of sepsis, especially in hospitalized patients [107][108][109][110]. Regarding diagnostic modalities used in the setting of suspected SPE, chest radiography is nonspecific and usually shows poorly marginated peripheral lung nodules, possibly with cavitary features [25].…”