Island size predicts mammal diversity in insular environments, except for land‐bridge islands

Neto, Gilson de Souza Ferreira; Benchimol, Maíra; Carneiro, Fernanda Melo; Baccaro, Fabrício Beggiato

doi:10.1111/btp.13147

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Other species were not registered in this study in terra‐firme forests but were registered in neighbouring fluvial islands, such as capybaras ( Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris ) and Brazilian porcupine ( Coendou prehensilis ) (Ferreira Neto et al., 2021 ). Indeed, according to the current study, terra‐firme forests harbour more than twice as many species from similar sampling efforts as fluvial islands (Ferreira Neto et al., 2021 ; Neto et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Indeed, according to the current study, terra-firme forests harbour more than twice as many species from similar sampling efforts as fluvial islands (Ferreira Neto et al, 2021;Neto et al, 2022).…”

Section: Mean Detection Probabilitysupporting

confidence: 52%

“…It is suggested that more fertile soils experience greater ecosystem turnover, which reduces the effect of human disturbance factors and increases the chance of individual and species survival via higher productivity (de Souza Ferreira Neto et al, , 2022. Even smaller variations in oligotrophic soils explain floristic composition in the Central Amazon (Campos, 2017).…”

Section: Mean Detection Probabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The distribution of bushmeat mammals in unflooded forests of the Central Amazon is influenced by poaching proxies

de Souza Ferreira Neto,

Baccaro,

Phillips

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Medium to large rainforest mammals are key conservation flagship groups that offer non‐redundant ecosystem functions, but anthropic pressures, such as illegal hunting, may strongly affect their occupancy in Amazonia. We combined camera traps and occupancy models to assess the influence of distance from human settlements, the number of families per settlement and the synergetic effect of the average weight of 27 species on the occupancy probability of mammals. Specifically, we classified mammal species according to the game preferences of hunters (i.e. a group of species depleted for bushmeat, a group of species hunted for retaliation and a group of non‐hunted species). We also accounted for the influence on the detection probability of each group of both the number of days each camera operated and the body weight of mammals. The occupancy probability of the bushmeat group (i.e. deer, peccaries, agoutis, pacas and armadillos) was lower at locations closer to human settlements. Still, the number of families correlated positively with occupancy, with the occupancy probability of the group being slightly higher at sites with more families. This difference was probably due to larger and more abundant crops and fruiting trees attracting wildlife at such sites. Conversely, the occupancy probability of the retaliation group (i.e. carnivores) and the non‐hunted group (i.e. opossums, spiny rats, squirrels and anteaters) were indifferent to anthropogenic stressors. The detection probability of the non‐hunted and particularly the most depleted species correlated negatively with body weight. This may suggest that larger species, especially those from the bushmeat group, are rarer or less abundant in the system, possibly because they are the preferable target of hunters. In the long term, locals will likely need to travel long distances to find harvest meat. Poaching also threatens food security since game bushmeat is an essential source of protein for isolated rural Amazonians.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Mean Detection Probabilitysupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Mean Detection Probabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The distribution of bushmeat mammals in unflooded forests of the Central Amazon is influenced by poaching proxies

de Souza Ferreira Neto,

Baccaro,

Phillips

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Our study found that island area had a positive relationship with the body dry mass and lipid mass of D. aspericolle , but had a negative relationship with the body dry mass and body size of C. triangularis . Studies have shown that larger islands dwell higher mammal species richness and abundance (Neto et al., 2022; Palmeirim et al., 2018), which are the main providers of food resources for dung beetles (Nichols et al., 2008). Our results partially support the idea that larger islands offer more resources and more stable habitats, since D. aspericolle (but not C. triangularis ) presented proxies of such trend.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insularization drives physiological condition of Amazonian dung beetles

de Cerqueira,

González Tokman,

Correa

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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The fragmentation and degradation of otherwise continuous natural landscapes pose serious threats to the health of animal populations, consequently impairing their fitness and survival. While most fragmentation ecology studies focus on habitat remnants embedded withinn terrestrial matrices, the effects of true insularization remains poorly understood. Land‐bridge islands created by major dams leads to habitat loss and fragmentation, negatively affecting terrestrial biodiversity. To assess the effects of insularization, we conducted a study on the key aspects of dung beetle physiological condition and body size throughout the Balbina Hydroelectric Reservoir located in the Central Amazon. We assessed these traits at the population and assemblage levels, collecting dung beetles from both forest islands and continuous forest areas while analyzing various landscape variables. We show that landscapes with higher forest cover positively affected dung beetle body size. Interestingly, dung beetle responses to insularization were species‐dependent; larger islands tended to host larger individuals of Deltochilum aspericole, while in Canthon triangularis, smaller islands showed larger body sizes. However, individuals from the mainland were larger than those from the islands. Moreover, the proportion of closed‐canopy forest in the landscapes also impacted physiological attributes. It negatively affected the body size of Deltochilum aspericole and the lipid mass of Dichotomius boreus, but positively affected the lipid mass of Canthon triangularis. These findings contribute to a better understanding of how habitat fragmentation in aquatic matrices affects the size structure and physiology of insect assemblages. This is essential in formulating effective conservation strategies for preserving biodiversity loss in tropical forest regions and mitigating the consequences of hydropower infrastructure.

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Island size predicts mammal diversity in insular environments, except for land‐bridge islands

et al. 2022

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Insular environments are among the most endangered ecosystems as they face a myriad of anthropogenic stressors. Forest mammals perform a wide range of ecological services, with their persistence being vital for ecosystem functionality in both natural and artificial islands. Studies revealed that shrinkage in island size usually leads to the decay of mammal species richness and abundance in patchy landscapes.However, mammal species-area (SARs) and abundance-area (AARs) relationships can differ among insular environments: oceanic, fluvial, artificial, and land-bridge islands (i.e., natural islands connected to the mainland). Large dams create vast insularized landscapes after river impoundment, leading to pervasive habitat loss and potentially causing even worse biodiversity losses than other insular systems. We conducted an extensive literature search and used meta-analysis techniques to quantify the magnitude of SAR and AAR for forest mammals across different archipelago landscapes worldwide. After a screening process, we ended up with 26 studies comprising 55 different effect sizes representing the magnitude of SARs and AARs. Our global analysis unveiled a positive relationship between effect sizes and island area, with mammal species richness and abundance increasing in fluvial, oceanic, and artificial islands accordingly with island area, but not in land-bridge islands. These results demonstrate that, except for land-bridge islands, SAR and AAR are still fair models to predict mammal diversity. These results could improve the prediction of SAR and AAR in insular environments under habitat loss scenarios and propose sound conservation strategies since the rate at which insular communities have been lost is presently unknown. K E Y W O R D Sabundance-area-relationship, Forest mammals, global analysis, insular communities, metaanalysis, species-area relationship | INTRODUC TI ONThe species-area relationship (SAR) comprises one of ecology's few general laws for predicting species richness (Dodds, 2009;Lomolino, 1982;Rosenzweig, 1996;Warren et al., 2015). SAR postulates that the number of species is predicted mainly by area size. This prediction is at the core of the influential Theory of Island Biogeography, which postulates that larger and less isolated islands retain more species due to lower extinction and higher colonization events (MacArthur & Wilson, 1967). However, the SAR prediction

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Island size predicts mammal diversity in insular environments, except for land‐bridge islands

Cited by 3 publications

References 77 publications

The distribution of bushmeat mammals in unflooded forests of the Central Amazon is influenced by poaching proxies

The distribution of bushmeat mammals in unflooded forests of the Central Amazon is influenced by poaching proxies

Insularization drives physiological condition of Amazonian dung beetles

Island size predicts mammal diversity in insular environments, except for land‐bridge islands

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