“…Furthermore, unlike work ethic in Judaism and Christianity; IWE has been almost totally ignored in business literature (Ali and Al-Owaihan, 2008;Ali, 1988Ali, , 2009b. Moreover, most of the literature has been devoted to exploring or developing measurement scale of IWE (Wahab et al, 2016;Yaseen et al, 2015;Ali, 1988Ali, , 1987Yousef, 2001;Beekun and Badawi, 2004;Ali and Al-Owaihan, 2008).…”