Islamic Educational Thought in Indonesia: Study of Azyumardi Azra’s Thought

Abstract

Globalisation transformed Islamic education. In Indonesia, Islamic education contributed remarkably towards national growth. Nevertheless, it is not simple to accomplish the Islamic education goal due to its problem with the concept and method. This article examined the current Islamic educational thought, according to Azyumardi Azra. It studied the relevant literature and engaged it based on critical content analysis. The research discovered that Azyumardi Azra believed Muslims could meet the needs of modernity only by integrating the classical model of Islamic education and modern Western education. It is imperative to be administered so that Islamic education is more comprehensive, liberal, and democratic. His critics argued that modernisation of Islamic education established by Azyumardi Azra liberalised Islamic thought towards religious pluralism in Islamic education in Indonesia.

The Special Guide Teacher Class Management on Creating Inclusive Student Learning Motivation in Urban Area

“…The number of students with special needs (inclusive) in Indonesia in 2021 is 144,621, while at the elementary school level, there are 82,346 students, the highest compared to other levels (Kemdiknas, 2021). Basic education is the initial stage of forming human character to positively contribute to the country's development, so everyone must have the same learning opportunities (Awang & Nuriz, 2020). Likewise, open opportunities for basic education for people with special needs need to be considered because they have equal rights in education (Ediyanto & Kawai, 2023).…”