ISCOMs: an adjuvant with multiple functions

Sjölander, Anders; Cox, John C.; Barr, Ian G.

doi:10.1002/jlb.64.6.713

Cited by 156 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(193 reference statements)

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“…This population could be activated/exhausted lymphocytes resulting from proliferation during the amplification culture of EIV-specific CD8 + lymphocytes induced by vaccination. However, the hypothesis of a noncytolytic sub-population of CD8 + T lymphocytes cannot be excluded as the synthesis of IL-4 after ISCOM vaccination has been reported in several studies (reviewed in [30]). The recent development of an antibody specific for equine IL-4 will enable further investigation of the CD8 low cell population [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ISCOM particles are spontaneously formed, negatively charged, and stable cagelike structures resulting from the combination of antigens with cholesterol, phospholipids, and Quillaja saponins (Quil-A) [30]. ISCOM particles play the role of adjuvant, improving presentation, distribution, and release of the antigen when compared with the soluble protein alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ISCOM adjuvant also induces the synthesis of proinflammatory, Th1 and Th2 cytokines (e.g. TNF , IL-6, IFN and IL-4), which modulate T cell immune responses [29,30]. Upregulation of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules in APC has also been demonstrated in mice [13,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protection, systemic IFNγ, and antibody responses induced by an ISCOM-based vaccine against a recent equine influenza virus in its natural host

Paillot

Grimmett²,

Elton

et al. 2008

Vet. Res.

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-In the horse, conventional inactivated or subunit vaccines against equine influenza virus (EIV) induce a short-lived antibody-based immunity to infection. Alternative strategies of vaccination have been subsequently developed to mimic the long-term protection induced by natural infection with the virus. One of these approaches is the use of immune-stimulating complex (ISCOM)-based vaccines. ISCOM vaccines induce a strong antibody response and protection against influenza in horses, humans, and a mouse model. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) has been demonstrated in humans and mice after ISCOM vaccination, but rarely investigated in the horse. The aim of this study was to evaluate EIV-specific immune responses after intra-muscular vaccination with an ISCOM-EIV vaccine (EQUIP F) containing both equine influenza H7N7 (A/eq/Newmarket/77) and H3N8 (A/eq/Borlänge/91 and A/eq/Kentucky/98) strains. The antibody response was measured by single radial haemolysis (SRH) assay using different H3N8 EIV strains. Stimulation of type-1 immunity was evaluated with a recently developed method that measures EIV-specific IFN synthesis by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The protective efficacy of this ISCOM-based vaccine against challenge infection with a recent equine influenza (H3N8; A/eq/South Africa/4/03) strain was also evaluated. Vaccinated ponies developed elevated levels of EIV-specific SRH antibody and increased percentage of EIV-specific IFN + PBL, whereas these responses were only detected after challenge infection in unvaccinated control ponies. Vaccinates showed minimal signs of disease and did not shed virus when challenged shortly after the second immunisation. In conclusion, evidence of type-1 immunity induced by an ISCOM-based vaccine is described for the first time in horses. equine influenza virus / vaccine / ISCOM / equine IFN gamma / immunity

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protection, systemic IFNγ, and antibody responses induced by an ISCOM-based vaccine against a recent equine influenza virus in its natural host

Paillot

Grimmett²,

Elton

et al. 2008

Vet. Res.

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“…The second variety, referred to as ISCOM matrices, contain no entrapped antigens and are utilized as a co-delivered adjuvant more so than a delivery system. Early ISCOM formulations could not be evaluated in humans due to the reactogenicity of Quil A. QS21 is now commonly tested alone in vaccine formulations and within ISCOMs due to its improved safety profile while still remaining active as an adjuvant [158,159]. One major challenge when working with ISCOMs is the difficulty associated with antigen incorporation.…”

Section: Immune-stimulating Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery strategies to enhance oral vaccination against enteric infections

Davitt

Lavelle

2015

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

133

102

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“…ISCOMs are a saponin containing lipophilic cage-like structured immunostimulant with regulatory approval for veterinary vaccines in various countries [18,19]. ISCOMs are also of interest due to their cage-like structure which could incorporate a soluble antigen [20,21]. Another group of adjuvants are CpG ODNs which have toll-like receptor (TLR-9) specific immunostimulant properties due to the presence of the CpG motif [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenteral administration of GnRH constructs and adjuvants: Immune responses and effects on reproductive tissues of male mice

Sharma

McDonald

Miller³

et al. 2014

Vaccine

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a b s t r a c tTwo gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) constructs prepared by either chemical conjugation to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (GnRH-KLH) or as an expressed recombinant fusion protein (Multimer) were evaluated with or without adjuvants (immunostimulating complexes, ISCOMs, or cytosine-phosphateguanosine oligodeoxynucleotides, CpG ODNs). After subcutaneous administration to Balb/c male mice at Weeks 0, 2 and 4, these preparations were assessed for induction of immune responses and effects on reproductive organs. GnRH-KLH plus ISCOMs formulation induced strong IgG immune responses from Week 4 through Week 12 resulting in consistent reproductive organ atrophy by Week 12 after subcutaneous administration. GnRH-KLH plus CpG ODNs generated immune responses but no atrophy of reproductive tissues by Week 12. Multimer plus ISCOMs induced poor immune responses and no effects on reproductive tissues by Week 12. In the absence of additional adjuvant, none of the GnRH constructs induced reproductive organ atrophy. GnRH-KLH induced stronger immune responses when formulated with ISCOMs or CpG ODN compared to Multimer. GnRH-KLH with ISCOMs could be an effective colloidal alternative for emulsion GnRH vaccine formulations.

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ISCOMs: an adjuvant with multiple functions

Cited by 156 publications

References 131 publications

Protection, systemic IFNγ, and antibody responses induced by an ISCOM-based vaccine against a recent equine influenza virus in its natural host

Protection, systemic IFNγ, and antibody responses induced by an ISCOM-based vaccine against a recent equine influenza virus in its natural host

Delivery strategies to enhance oral vaccination against enteric infections

Parenteral administration of GnRH constructs and adjuvants: Immune responses and effects on reproductive tissues of male mice

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