Ischemic stroke in young adults I. Analysis of the etiological subgroups

Alvarez, J.; Matías-Guiu, J; Sumalla, J; Molins, M; Insa, R; Moltò, J. M.; Martín, R.; Codina, A; Martínez-Vázquez, J M

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03838.x

Cited by 47 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this series two thirds o f patients with prothrom botic state due to defi ciency of natural anticoagulants had protein S deficiency, and this has been reported elsewhere [41]. In one third of the patients, we cannot find the etiology of the stroke, which is a frequency sim ilar to that of other studies [3,42], Stroke recurrence in the young is a poorly studied issue. Short-term recurrence in this series was about 10%.…”

Section: Cerebral Infarction In Young Peoplecontrasting

confidence: 37%

Cerebral Infarction in PeopleUnder 40 Years I

et al. 1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cerebral infarction in young people is considered a rare event. There are many potential etiologies capable of causing a cerebral infarction in this age group. Three hundred consecutive patients younger than 40 years with cerebral infarction were extensively evaluated. One hundred and sixty-two women were included in this study, most under 30 years. The most frequently encountered risk factors were tobacco and alcohol use, and rheumatic valvular heart disease. Etiologies for cerebral infarction in the order of frequency were: cryptogenic 32%, nonatherosclerotic vasculopathy 27%, cardioembolism 24%, hematological disturbance 10% (including 11 patients with deficiency of natural anticoagulant proteins), premature atherosclerosis 3% and migraine 3%. Our paper demonstrates that atherosclerosis is an uncommon cause of cerebral infarction in patients under 40 years. The principal etiologies were rheumatic valve disease, arterial dissections and prothrombotic states.

show abstract

Section: Cerebral Infarction In Young Peoplecontrasting

confidence: 37%

Cerebral Infarction in PeopleUnder 40 Years I

et al. 1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Risk of stroke was lower in younger women, those who did not smoke, and those who were normotensive [32]. In the present series, the frequency of OC use was lower than that reported by other authors [3,33], but it was an independent risk factor for stroke. One drawback of the present study is that the doses of estrogen and progestogen could not be determined.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Cerebral Infarction in Young Women: Analysis of 130 Cases

Barinagarrementería¹,

González‐Duarte²,

Miranda³

et al. 1998

Eur Neurol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors and mechanism of cerebral infarction in young women. Methods: We evaluated 130 consecutive women younger than 41 years of age with cerebral infarction and compared the risk factors with a control group of 122 healthy, age-matched women. Results: The leading risk factors in patients with cerebral infarction were migraine (15%), tobacco use (15%), and oral contraceptive (OC) use (12%). Cerebral arteriograms were abnormal in 59% of patients (57 of 96). The causes of cerebral infarction were cardiac embolism in 36%, nonatherosclerotic vasculopathy in 25%, hematologic disorders in 8%, and migraine in 8%. The etiology could not be determined in 23% of patients. Conclusion: Migraine and OCs are independent risk factors for cerebral infarction in young women. The leading etiologies were rheumatic valve disease and nonatherosclerotic vasculopathy, hematologic disturbances, and migraine were responsible for a few cases.

show abstract

“…Some of the most common causes of ischemia in the young are infrequently diagnosed in the elderly. The most important of those are cardioembolism (20–35%), dissection of extracranial arteries (6–25%), migraine (1–20%), drugs (10%) and hypercoagulable states (5–10%) [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Furthermore, despite patient youth, 20–25% of strokes in young adults are due to premature atherosclerosis [9,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults, and Evolution of the Etiological Diagnosis over the Long Term

Varona¹,

Guerra²,

Bermejo

et al. 2007

Eur Neurol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Causes of ischemic stroke in young adults (15–45 years) are diverse, but undetermined etiology is common in a majority of studies. Aims: The present series study aims to evaluate causes and changes in the etiological diagnosis of ischemic stroke in young adult patients admitted to a tertiary medical center over a period of 27 years. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with a first-ever stroke in the age range of 15–45 years who were admitted to the ‘12 de Octubre’ University Hospital between 1974 and 2002. Results: 272 young adults with ischemic stroke were identified. The etiological diagnoses were: undetermined in 36% of patients, large-artery atherosclerosis in 21%, cardioembolism in 17%, non-atherosclerotic vasculopathy in 17%, and other specific etiologies in 9%. While in the first study period (1974–1988) 45% of patients were diagnosed with uncertain etiology, in the last period (1989–2002) only 26% were diagnosed with cryptogenic stroke (45% with two or more potential etiologies identified; 45% with no identified cause despite complete evaluation, and 10% with incomplete evaluation). Conclusions: The etiological diagnosis of stroke in young adults has changed over time as a result of improvements in diagnostic workup. While cryptogenic stroke was the most frequent diagnosis in the past, today specific causes (non-atherosclerotic vasculopathy, large-artery atherosclerosis, cardioembolism and hematological disorder) are identified in the majority of patients.

show abstract

Ischemic stroke in young adults I. Analysis of the etiological subgroups

Cited by 47 publications

References 16 publications

Cerebral Infarction in PeopleUnder 40 Years I

Cerebral Infarction in PeopleUnder 40 Years I

Cerebral Infarction in Young Women: Analysis of 130 Cases

Causes of Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults, and Evolution of the Etiological Diagnosis over the Long Term

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About