Isatis phytogenic relieved atrazine induced growth retardation, hepato-renal dysfunction, and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia

Abstract

The influence of herbicides causes health and economic loss, which requires innovative solutions to sustain the aquaculture industry. In this regard, dietary isatis is included in Nile tilapia diets to relieve atrazine (ATZ)-induced growth retardation, hepato-renal dysfunction, and oxidative stress. The first and second groups offered the control diet (control), while the third and fourth groups offered the isatis supplemented diet (1%). Meantime, half of the water was replaced and mixed with ATZ (1.39 mg/L) in the second and fourth groups for 30 days. The group of fish delivered isatis had significantly enhanced FBW, WG, and SGR, while fish intoxicated with ATZ had meaningfully impaired growth behavior ( p < 0.05). Further, the FCR was improved by isatis, and ATZ resulted in the worst FCR among the groups. Interestingly fish fed isatis and exposed with ATZ (88.89%) had a higher survival rate than fish exposed with ATZ without isatis feeding, and both are lower than the control (97.78%) ( p < 0.05). The histological structure in the isatis-treated groups showed distinguished enhancement and branching of the intestinal villi. The intestine of ATZ–treated fish revealed damage and inflammatory cell infiltration in the intestinal mucosa with separation of lining epithelium. Generally, fish fed isatis and intoxicated with ATZ had lower uric acid, urea, creatinine, ALT, and AST and higher total protein, globulin, and albumin than fish exposed with ATZ without feeding with isatis ( p < 0.05). Markedly, fish-fed isatis had the highest SOD, CAT, GPx, and the lowest MDA level compared to the other groups ( p < 0.05). Meanwhile, fish exposed with ATZ had the worst SOD, CAT, GPx, and the highest MDA level compared to the other groups ( p < 0.05). In summary, dietary isatis relieved ATZ induced growth retardation, hepato-renal dysfunction, and oxidative stress in Nile tilapia.

Dietary Supplementation of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) With Panax ginseng Essential Oil: Positive Impact on Animal Health and Productive Performance, and Mitigating Effects on Atrazine- Induced Toxicity

“…In this respect, it is worth mentioning that the significant ATZinduced changes that we observed in many physiological parameters related to the productive performance and health/ welfare of Nile tilapia were in agreement to those reported in the literature for this fish species (Neamat Allah et al, 2020;Abdel-Warith et al, 2021;Ali et al, 2022).…”

“…According to the literature, sub-lethal ATZ exposure significantly depressed the survival and growth rates of Nile tilapia (Abdel-Warith et al, 2021;Ali et al, 2022). This impaired productive performance in the ATZ group and is likely attributable to the negative impact exerted by ATZ on the health and welfare status of the exposed fishes in comparison with the CNT group.…”

“…Indeed, it is well known that the indiscriminate, frequent and incautious use of herbicides, and/or their accidental discharge from the unhygienically treated effluents into the water flow may reach the aquatic organisms and induce harmful effects, with a longterm negative impact on the surrounding environment . It has been observed that the 50% lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of ATZ varies greatly among different fish species, ranging from 3 to 100 mg/L (Solomon et al, 2008) and its exposure was able to induce various signs of toxicity in the African catfish (Michael et al, 2018), the Channa Punctatus (Nwani et al, 2010), the snow trout (Schizothorax plagiostomus) (Akhtar et al, 2021), the zebrafish (Danio rerio) , the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Neskovic et al, 1993;Paulino et al, 2012;Xing et al, 2013;Blahova et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2019), the Prochilodus lineatus (Santos and Martinez, 2012), and also in the Nile tilapia (Neamat Allah et al, 2020;Abdel-Warith et al, 2021;Ali et al, 2022).…”

“…Signs of ATZ-induced toxicity in aquatic organisms comprise growth retardation (Abdel-Warith et al, 2021;Ali et al, 2022), histopathological changes (Paulino et al, 2012;Blahova et al, 2014;Michael et al, 2018), serum biochemical alterations (Michael et al, 2018), hematological alterations (Akhtar et al, 2021;Abdel-Warith et al, 2021), disruption of the antioxidant system and oxidative stress damage (Nwani et al, 2010;Santos and Martinez, 2012), changes in liver function enzymes (Neskovic et al, 1993), induction of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), apoptotic changes in tissues and/ or blood cells (Xing et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2019), and genotoxicity (Santos and Martinez, 2012;Akhtar et al, 2021).…”

“…Numerous natural feed supplements have been reported to be useful for mitigating sub-lethal ATZ toxicity in various fish species, such as vitamin E in African catfish (Kadry et al, 2012), Spirulina platensis in common carp (Khalil et al, 2017), fucoidan (Abdel-Warith et al, 2021), beta-glucans (Neamat Allah et al, 2020) and Isatis phytogenic diet in Nile tilapia (Ali et al, 2022), and herbal extracts in Labeo rohita (Pugazhendy, 2014) and Clarias gariepinus (Owolabi and Abdulkareem, 2021). However, no information is available regarding the suitability of GEO for this specific application.…”