Is women's human capital valued more by markets than by planners?

Münich, Daniel; Švejnar, Jan; Terrell, Katherine

doi:10.1016/j.jce.2005.03.009

“…allows the rate of return to vary across types of education level, which is consistent with the relevant literature (Heckman, Layne-Farrar and Todd, 1996;Münich, Svejnar and Terrell, 2005).…”

Section: Earnings Equationsupporting

confidence: 84%

Earnings Inequality in India: Has the Rise of Caste and Religion Based Politics in India Had an Impact?

Bhaumik

¹

,

Chakrabarty

²

2006

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit company supported by Deutsche Post World Net. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its research networks, research support, and visitors and doctoral programs. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. Since 1989, there has been a sharp increase in the role of caste and religion in determining political fortunes at both state and federal levels in India. As a consequence, significant intercaste and inter-religion differences in earnings have the potential to stall the process of economic reforms. Yet, the patterns and determinants of such differences remain unexplored. We address this lacuna in the literature, and explore the determinants of the differences in inter-caste and inter-religion earnings in India during the 1987-99 period, using the 43 rd and 55 th rounds of National Sample Survey (NSS). Our results suggest that (a) earnings differences between "upper" castes and SC/ST have declined between 1987 and 1999, (b) over the same period, earnings differences between Muslims and non-Muslims have increased, to the detriment of the former, and (c) inter-caste and inter-religion differences in earnings can be explained largely by corresponding differences in educational endowment and returns on age (and, hence, experience). However, differences in returns on education do not explain inter-caste and inter-religion earnings differences to a great extent. JEL Classification:O15, O17

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“…6 Differences in observable worker characteristics explain little of the overall wage gap in his analysis. See also Munich et al (2005) who find that during the transition from central planning to market, Czech returns to education have risen at a similar pace for men and women.…”

Section: Wages In Post-communist Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Managers and Their Wages in Central Europe

Jurajda

¹

,

Paligorova

²

2006

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Female Managers and their Wages in Central EuropeŠtepán Jurajda Teodora Paligorova The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit company supported by Deutsche Post World Net. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its research networks, research support, and visitors and doctoral programs. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author.

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“…Hunt (2002) shows that while the gender earnings gap fell in East Germany after German unification, almost half of it was attributable to the exit from employment of low skill women. Münich, Svejnar, and Terrell (2005a) suggest that economic reforms narrowed the gap in Czech Republic. Studies on China mostly find that economic reforms raised the gender earnings gap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Reforms and Gender Inequality in Urban China

Liu

¹

2011

Economic Development and Cultural Change

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This paper jointly examines the gender earnings gap and employment rate in urban China using a longitudinal data set that covers the period of 1989-2004. Consistent with previous studies, we find that the earnings gap increased between 1989 and 1993. The rise is mainly driven by unobserved gender specific factors, such as a decline in women's unobserved skill or an increase in the discrimination against them. After 1993, the gap fell gradually, which is achieved at the cost of less educated women's employment. Consequently, the narrowing gap is not necessarily a good news to all urban women. Since the exit from employment is mostly involuntary, women still lost relative to men even in the later reform period.

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Is women's human capital valued more by markets than by planners?

Cited by 55 publications

References 26 publications

Earnings Inequality in India: Has the Rise of Caste and Religion Based Politics in India Had an Impact?

Earnings Inequality in India: Has the Rise of Caste and Religion Based Politics in India Had an Impact?

Female Managers and Their Wages in Central Europe

Economic Reforms and Gender Inequality in Urban China

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