Is Whole‐Plant Photosynthetic Rate Proportional to Leaf Area? A Test of Scalings and a Logistic Equation by Leaf Demography Census

Koyama, Kohei; Kikuzawa, Kihachiro

doi:10.1086/597604

Cited by 54 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…As the plants are growing up, the leaf area increases and this results in increased rates of whole plant transpiration (Taiz and Zeiger, 2002). On the other hand, an increased leaf area results in increased rates of whole plant photosynthesis (Koyama and Kikuzawa, 2009), thereby raising the nutrient demand and concomitantly the nutrient uptake rates. As a result, although the nutrient uptake and the water uptake are independent processes, the UC do not change dramatically during the cropping period, as has been shown in several studies (Savvas and Lenz, 1995; Sonneveld and Voogt, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Cultivar and Grafting on Nutrient and Water Uptake by Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Grown Hydroponically Under Mediterranean Climatic Conditions

et al. 2018

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In closed-cycle hydroponic systems (CHS), nutrients and water should be delivered to the plants at identical ratios to those they are removed via plant uptake, to avoid their depletion or accumulation in the root zone. For a particular plant species and developmental stage, the nutrient to water uptake ratios, henceforth termed “uptake concentrations” (UC), remain relatively constant over time under similar climatic conditions. Thus, the nutrient to water uptake ratios can be used as nutrient concentrations in the nutrient solution (NS) supplied to CHS to compensate for nutrient and water uptake by plants. In the present study, mean UC of macro- and micronutrients were determined during five developmental stages in different pepper cultivars grown in a closed hydroponic system by measuring the water uptake and the nutrient removal from the recirculating NS. The experiment was conducted in a heated glasshouse located in Athens Mediterranean environment and the tested cultivars were ‘Orangery,’ ‘Bellisa,’ ‘Sondela,’ ‘Sammy,’ self-grafted and ‘Sammy’ grafted onto the commercial rootstock ‘RS10’ (Capsicum annuum). ‘Sondela’ exhibited significantly higher NO3-, Mg2+, Ca2+ and B UC, while Bellisa exhibited higher K UC in comparison with all other cultivars. The UC of all nutrients were similar in the grafted and the non-grafted ‘Sammy’ plants, which indicates that this Capsicum annum rootstock does not modify the uptake of nutrients and water by the scion. The UC of macronutrients estimated in the present study (mmol L-1) ranged from 2.4 to 3.7 for Ca, 1.0 to 1.5 for Mg, 6.2 to 9.0 for K, 11.7 to 13.7 for N, and 0.7 to 1.1 for P. The UC of N, K, Ca, and Mg were appreciably higher than the corresponding values found in Dutch tomato glasshouse, while that of P was similar in both locations during the vegetative stage and higher in the present study thereafter. The UC of Fe, Zn and B tended to decrease with time, while that of Mn increased initially and subsequently decreased slightly during the reproductive developmental stage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Cultivar and Grafting on Nutrient and Water Uptake by Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Grown Hydroponically Under Mediterranean Climatic Conditions

et al. 2018

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“…Plant respiration is ultimately limited by photosynthesis because plants can only respire compounds that have been fixed. Therefore, photosynthesis and respiration should be closely related to total leaf area (44)(45)(46)(47), and the less-than-linear scaling rate of metabolic plants might reflect a decreased leafto-stem ratio with increasing plant size (48). Furthermore, the physiological and morphological changes in stems and leaves between juvenile and mature trees (41,42) may also affect changes in whole-plant physiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed-power scaling of whole-plant respiration from seedlings to giant trees

Mori

Yamaji

Ishida

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

183

259

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The scaling of respiratory metabolism with body mass is one of the most pervasive phenomena in biology. Using a single allometric equation to characterize empirical scaling relationships and to evaluate alternative hypotheses about mechanisms has been controversial. We developed a method to directly measure respiration of 271 whole plants, spanning nine orders of magnitude in body mass, from small seedlings to large trees, and from tropical to boreal ecosystems. Our measurements include the roots, which have often been ignored. Rather than a single power-law relationship, our data are fit by a biphasic, mixed-power function. The allometric exponent varies continuously from 1 in the smallest plants to 3/4 in larger saplings and trees. The transition from linear to 3/4-power scaling may indicate fundamental physical and physiological constraints on the allocation of plant biomass between photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic organs over the course of ontogenetic plant growth.allometry | metabolic scaling | mixed-power function | whole-plant respiration | simple-power function F rom the smallest seedlings to giant trees, the masses of vascular plants span 12 orders of magnitude in mass (1). The growth rates of most plants, which are generally presented in terms of net assimilation rates of CO 2 , are believed to be controlled by respiration (2, 3). Furthermore, many of the CO 2 -budget models of plant growth and carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems are based on whole-plant respiration rates in relation to plant size (2, 4-7). Thus far, however, there have been few studies of wholeplant respiration over the entire range of plant size from tiny seedlings to large trees. The purpose of the present study was to quantify the allometric scaling of metabolism by directly measuring whole-plant respiration over a representative range of sizes.For the past century, the scaling of metabolic rate with body size has usually been described using an allometric equation, or simple power function, for the form (8-17)where Y is the respiratory metabolic rate (μmol s −1 ), F is a constant (μmol s −1 kg -f ), M is the body mass (kg), and f is the scaling exponent. The exponent f has been controversial, and various values have been reported based on studies of both animals and plants (15). Recently, it was suggested that f = 1 for relatively small plants, based on data for a 10 6 -fold range of body mass (16), including measurements using a whole-plant chamber (18,19). If f = 1, this means that whole-plant respiration scales isometrically with body mass, which may be reasonable in the case of herbaceous plants and small trees because nearly all of their cells, even those in the stems, should be active in respiration. However, it was suggested that f = 3/4 based originally on empirical studies of animal metabolism (8). This idea is consistent with the mechanistic models of resource distribution in vascular systems (10, 11), including the pipe model (20, 21) and models based on space-filling, hierarchical, fractal-like networks of br...

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“…We deliberately chose the situation in which water limitation does not affect LAUE significantly. Actual plant behavior can be considered as a summation of simple models and site-specific factors (Koyama and Kikuzawa 2009). Hence, applications of our analysis to more complex systems need modifications by incorporating other factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty-five tubers were planted in a 1-m 2 plot in the garden in December 2007. Those tubers were taken from the previous year's plot of Koyama and Kikuzawa (2009). A total of 35 stems (1-4 stems per tuber) germinated in April 2008.…”

Section: Species and Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Geometrical similarity analysis of photosynthetic light response curves, light saturation and light use efficiency

Koyama

Kikuzawa

2010

Oecologia

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Light absorption and use efficiency (LAUE mol mol(-1), daily gross photosynthesis per daily incident light) of each leaf depends on several factors, including the degree of light saturation. It is often discussed that upper canopy leaves exposed to direct sunlight are fully light-saturated. However, we found that upper leaves of three temperate species, a heliophytic perennial herb Helianthus tuberosus, a pioneer tree Alnus japonica, and a late-successional tree Fagus crenata, were not fully light-saturated even under full sunlight. Geometrical analysis of the photosynthetic light response curves revealed that all the curves of the leaves from different canopy positions, as well as from the different species, can be considered as different parts of a single non-rectangular hyperbola. The analysis consistently explained how those leaves were not fully light-saturated. Light use optimization models, called big leaf models, predicted that the degree of light saturation and LAUE are both independent of light environment. From these, we hypothesized that the upper leaves should not be fully light-saturated even under direct sunlight, but instead should share the light limitation with the shaded lower-canopy leaves, so as to utilize strong sunlight efficiently. Supporting this prediction, within a canopy of H. tuberosus, both the degree of light saturation and LAUE were independent of light environment within a canopy, resulting in proportionality between the daily photosynthesis and the daily incident light among the leaves.

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Is Whole‐Plant Photosynthetic Rate Proportional to Leaf Area? A Test of Scalings and a Logistic Equation by Leaf Demography Census

Cited by 54 publications

References 51 publications

Impact of Cultivar and Grafting on Nutrient and Water Uptake by Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Grown Hydroponically Under Mediterranean Climatic Conditions

Impact of Cultivar and Grafting on Nutrient and Water Uptake by Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Grown Hydroponically Under Mediterranean Climatic Conditions

Mixed-power scaling of whole-plant respiration from seedlings to giant trees

Geometrical similarity analysis of photosynthetic light response curves, light saturation and light use efficiency

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