Is waist circumference ≥ 102/88 cm better than body mass index ≥ 30 to predict hypertension and diabetes development regardless of gender, age group, and race/ethnicity? Meta-analysis

Seo, Dong-Chul; Choe, Siyoung; Torabi, Mohammad R.

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.01.012

Cited by 92 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Previous studies have suggested the association between obesity and the development of hypertension in various populations . A recent study showed that the co‐existence of abdominal obesity and hypertension significantly affected cardiovascular hemodynamics .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Previous studies have suggested the association between obesity and the development of hypertension in various populations. [7][8][9][10] A recent study showed that the co-existence of abdominal obesity and hypertension significantly affected cardiovascular hemodynamics. 11 In a recent meta-analysis of more than 2.3 million pooled participants in 57 prospective cohort studies, there was a onefold to twofold increased risk of developing hypertension with the increment of various obesity indices, such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waistto-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between abdominal obesity and increased risk for the development of hypertension regardless of physical activity: A nationwide population‐based study

Rhee

Cho

Kwon

et al. 2018

J of Clinical Hypertension

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The presence of abdominal obesity and lack of physical activity are both risk factors for the development of hypertension. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk of developing hypertension according to baseline waist circumference (WC). In total, 16 312 476 non‐hypertensive participants who were covered by the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) from 2009 to 2012 in Korea were included in the study. The participants were divided into six groups according to the level of baseline WC with a 5‐cm interval starting from 80 cm in men and 75 cm in women. The risk for the future development of hypertension was assessed in 2015 using the claims data on the diagnosis of hypertension and prescription of anti‐hypertensive medications. Approximately 7.8% of the participants developed hypertension over a median follow‐up of 5.48 years. The proportion of participants who developed hypertension significantly increased from 4.2% in the WC level 1% to 17.5% in the WC level 6. After adjusting for confounding factors, level 6 of the baseline WC had a higher hazard ratio (HR) for the development of hypertension among the 6 levels of baseline with level 3 as the reference (1736; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.72‐1.753). The participants with abdominal obesity had a significantly higher HR than those without abdominal obesity regardless of whether they engage in high‐ or moderate‐intensity physical intensity (1.741; 95% CI: 1.718‐1.764). WC had a linear association with the development of hypertension based on this large nationwide population‐based cohort study, which was not influenced by physical activity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between abdominal obesity and increased risk for the development of hypertension regardless of physical activity: A nationwide population‐based study

Rhee

Cho

Kwon

et al. 2018

J of Clinical Hypertension

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“…Seo et al . , using data from 19 cohort studies, indicated that both BMI > 30 kg m −2 and waist circumference > 102/88 cm are strongly associated with higher risk of HTN. Another meta‐analysis of 19 prospective and cross‐sectional studies assessed the discriminatory power of general and abdominal anthropometric indices in distinguishing adults with HTN and indicated that higher BMI, WC and WHtR are associated with higher risk of HTN, with the best discriminatory power for WHtR .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index, abdominal adiposity, weight gain and risk of developing hypertension: a systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of more than 2.3 million participants

et al. 2018

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“…However, in the subgroup analysis, only WC ≥102/88 cm, and not BMI ≥30, predicted the development of hypertension in Hispanics/Latinos. Furthermore, interestingly, neither BMI ≥30 nor WC ≥102/88 cm was a significant predictor of hypertension when the data were corrected for age [4]. In addition, a meta-analysis published in 2017 showed that there was a nonlinear association between WC and the risk of hypertension, with a steeper increase in risk at lower WCs [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are commonly recommended as measures of obesity in clinical guidelines. Numerous previous studies have shown that overall obesity, defined using BMI, and central obesity, defined using WC, are associated with incident hypertension [4,5]. Previous studies have frequently investigated the impacts of overall and central obesity separately, however, not everyone with obesity has both high BMI and WC, instead, some may have a normal BMI but an abnormal WC, or a normal WC but an abnormal BMI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Effects of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference on the Incidence of Hypertension in a Community-Based Chinese Population

Momin

Fan

et al. 2020

Obes Facts

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Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationships of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and obesity defined using a combination of both indexes, with the incidence of hypertension in a Chinese community-based population. Methods: A total of 1,927 Chinese participants (57.2 ± 8.9 years old) with normal blood pressure at baseline were recruited from the Shijingshan community in Beijing. Incident hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, self-reported hypertension, or the use of any antihypertensive medication at the follow-up visit. Results: During 2.3 years of follow-up, 19.1% (n = 97) of the men and 13.6% (n = 158) of the women developed incident hypertension. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for obesity (BMI ≥30) were 3.49 (1.59-7.66) and 2.60 (1.48-4.55) for men and women, respectively. A 1-point increase in BMI was associated with 8% (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.00-1.17) and 10% (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05-1.16) increases in the incidence of hypertension in men and women, respectively. Abdominal obesity (WC ≥90 cm in men and ≥85 cm in women) was positively associated with incident hypertension in both men (adjusted OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.10-2.91) and women (adjusted OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.09-2.40). A 1-cm increase in WC was associated with 4% (adjusted OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07) and 4% (adjusted OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.07) increases in the incidence of hypertension in men and women, respectively. The combination of abnormal BMI and WC has the highest risk for hypertension in both men (adjusted OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.48-6.50) and women (adjusted OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1. 43-4.40). Conclusions: This study shows that BMI, WC, and an index that combined the two are independently associated with incident hypertension in a Chinese community-based population.In conclusion, BMI, WC, and a combination of BMI and WC were independently associated with the subsequent development of hypertension. These findings imply that it is important to identify the specific obesity category of each patient, using both BMI and WC, to accurately predict obesity-related hypertension. Furthermore, they support the clinical importance of maintaining both BMI and WC within their normal ranges to reduce such risk. The use of this combination of indexes is a simple and cost-effective method that provides a statistically superior prediction of obesity-related hypertension. Its use may encourage earlier targeted interventions and reduce the financial cost of treating this disease and its complications.

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Is waist circumference ≥ 102/88 cm better than body mass index ≥ 30 to predict hypertension and diabetes development regardless of gender, age group, and race/ethnicity? Meta-analysis

Cited by 92 publications

References 56 publications

Association between abdominal obesity and increased risk for the development of hypertension regardless of physical activity: A nationwide population‐based study

Association between abdominal obesity and increased risk for the development of hypertension regardless of physical activity: A nationwide population‐based study

Body mass index, abdominal adiposity, weight gain and risk of developing hypertension: a systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis of more than 2.3 million participants

Joint Effects of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference on the Incidence of Hypertension in a Community-Based Chinese Population

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