Joint Effects of Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference on the Incidence of Hypertension in a Community-Based Chinese Population

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationships of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and obesity defined using a combination of both indexes, with the incidence of hypertension in a Chinese community-based population. Methods: A total of 1,927 Chinese participants (57.2 ± 8.9 years old) with normal blood pressure at baseline were recruited from the Shijingshan community in Beijing. Incident hypertension was defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, self-reported hypertension, or the use of any antihypertensive medication at the follow-up visit. Results: During 2.3 years of follow-up, 19.1% (n = 97) of the men and 13.6% (n = 158) of the women developed incident hypertension. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for obesity (BMI ≥30) were 3.49 (1.59-7.66) and 2.60 (1.48-4.55) for men and women, respectively. A 1-point increase in BMI was associated with 8% (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.00-1.17) and 10% (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05-1.16) increases in the incidence of hypertension in men and women, respectively. Abdominal obesity (WC ≥90 cm in men and ≥85 cm in women) was positively associated with incident hypertension in both men (adjusted OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.10-2.91) and women (adjusted OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.09-2.40). A 1-cm increase in WC was associated with 4% (adjusted OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.07) and 4% (adjusted OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.07) increases in the incidence of hypertension in men and women, respectively. The combination of abnormal BMI and WC has the highest risk for hypertension in both men (adjusted OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.48-6.50) and women (adjusted OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1. 43-4.40). Conclusions: This study shows that BMI, WC, and an index that combined the two are independently associated with incident hypertension in a Chinese community-based population.In conclusion, BMI, WC, and a combination of BMI and WC were independently associated with the subsequent development of hypertension. These findings imply that it is important to identify the specific obesity category of each patient, using both BMI and WC, to accurately predict obesity-related hypertension. Furthermore, they support the clinical importance of maintaining both BMI and WC within their normal ranges to reduce such risk. The use of this combination of indexes is a simple and cost-effective method that provides a statistically superior prediction of obesity-related hypertension. Its use may encourage earlier targeted interventions and reduce the financial cost of treating this disease and its complications.

Indoor nocturnal noise is associated with body mass index and blood pressure: a cross-sectional study

“…There is a clear link between obesity and hypertension [ 9 – 11 ]. Specifically, increases in weight, body mass index (BMI), WC, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio were associated with a higher incidence of hypertension [ 9 , 10 ].…”

“…At least 2.8 million and 17.9 million people die each year due to overweight or obesity and from CVD, respectively [5,8]. There is a clear link between obesity and hypertension [9][10][11]. Specifically, increases in weight, body mass index (BMI), WC, waistto-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio were associated with a higher incidence of hypertension [9,10].…”

Hubungan Status Gizi, Lingkar Pinggang, Dan Profil Lipid Terhadap Hipertensi Pada Usia Produktif Berpenghasilan Rendah

“…Hasil penelitian ini tidak didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara lpi dengan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik, namun didapatkan prevalensi rasio subjek dengan lpi berlebih sebesar 1,73 kali untuk mengalami hipertensi dibandingkan subjek dengan Lpi dalam batas normal. Hasil ini sesuai dengan penelitian yang telah dilakukan bahwa lpi dapat digunakan sebagai prediksi kejadian hipertensi (Momin, 2020).…”

Green/Roasted Coffee May Reduce Cardiovascular Risk in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects by Decreasing Body Weight, Abdominal Adiposity and Blood Pressure

“…Some of the associations of parameters observed within F1 are well known. Numerous studies have shown that overall obesity, defined by BMI (overall obesity) or WC (central obesity) is associated with hypertension [30,31]. Hypertension has been closely associated with obesity-related parameters not only in adults but also in adolescents, so that normal weight and overweight have shown a positive association with healthy and high BP, respectively [32].…”