Abstract:Introduction: This study proposes variations in the posterior tibial vein as one of the risk factors for deep-vein thrombosis. Understanding the anatomical classification of the posterior tibial vein would guide the antegrade approach of catheter-directed thrombolysis.Materials and methods: One hundred thirty-four legs from Korean and Thai cadavers were dissected. The posterior tibial veins were classified into four types according to the number of proximal and distal veins.Results: The most common type was ty… Show more
“…Proximal and distal posterior tibial veins were de ned in accordance with previous research 5 . According to Yi & Kim, the proximal tibial vein begins from the point where the distal posterior tibial vein and peroneal vein merge, and it turns into the popliteal vein at the point where the anterior and proximal tibial veins merge (Figure 4).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many clinicians suggest practitioners should consider anatomical variations as a risk factor for DVT. Thereby, previous study identi ed and classi ed the anatomical variation in the deep calf veins (Figure 1) 5 .…”
An antegrade approach is frequently used in catheter-directed thrombolysis to remove deep-vein thrombosis. However, the antegrade approach is difficult when accessing veins with small diameters, therefore, understanding the variation of deep calf vein is important. This study measured the diameters and surface areas of the proximal and distal posterior tibial vein, peroneal vein, and anterior tibial vein in order to determine which are preferable for venous access. This study dissected 132 legs from Korean and Thai cadavers. The proximal and distal posterior tibial vein, peroneal vein, and anterior tibial vein were scanned and measured. The mean diameter and surface area were largest for the proximal tibial vein, at 6.34 mm and 0.312 cm2, respectively, followed by the anterior tibial vein (5.22 mm and 0.213 cm2), distal posterior tibial vein (3.29 mm and 0.091 cm2), and peroneal vein (3.43 mm and 0.081 cm2). The proximal posterior tibial vein and anterior tibial vein have large diameters and surface areas, which make them ideal for applying an antegrade approach in catheter-directed thrombolysis. The distal posterior tibial vein and peroneal vein are not recommended due to their smaller surface areas and also the anatomical variations therein.
“…Proximal and distal posterior tibial veins were de ned in accordance with previous research 5 . According to Yi & Kim, the proximal tibial vein begins from the point where the distal posterior tibial vein and peroneal vein merge, and it turns into the popliteal vein at the point where the anterior and proximal tibial veins merge (Figure 4).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many clinicians suggest practitioners should consider anatomical variations as a risk factor for DVT. Thereby, previous study identi ed and classi ed the anatomical variation in the deep calf veins (Figure 1) 5 .…”
An antegrade approach is frequently used in catheter-directed thrombolysis to remove deep-vein thrombosis. However, the antegrade approach is difficult when accessing veins with small diameters, therefore, understanding the variation of deep calf vein is important. This study measured the diameters and surface areas of the proximal and distal posterior tibial vein, peroneal vein, and anterior tibial vein in order to determine which are preferable for venous access. This study dissected 132 legs from Korean and Thai cadavers. The proximal and distal posterior tibial vein, peroneal vein, and anterior tibial vein were scanned and measured. The mean diameter and surface area were largest for the proximal tibial vein, at 6.34 mm and 0.312 cm2, respectively, followed by the anterior tibial vein (5.22 mm and 0.213 cm2), distal posterior tibial vein (3.29 mm and 0.091 cm2), and peroneal vein (3.43 mm and 0.081 cm2). The proximal posterior tibial vein and anterior tibial vein have large diameters and surface areas, which make them ideal for applying an antegrade approach in catheter-directed thrombolysis. The distal posterior tibial vein and peroneal vein are not recommended due to their smaller surface areas and also the anatomical variations therein.
“…Studies that explain BoNT injection locations by navigating intramuscular neural distribution with naked eye dissection have limits, such as perceiving minuscule nerves and the likelihood of neural damage [17,21,25,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49].…”
Purpose
This study aimed to detect the idyllic locations for botulinum neurotoxin injection by analyzing the intramuscular neural distributions of the sartorius muscles.
Methods
An altered Sihler’s staining was conducted on sartorius muscles (15 specimens). The nerve entry points and intramuscular arborization areas were measured as a percentage of the total distance from the most prominent point of the anterior superior iliac spine (0%) to the medial femoral epicondyle (100%).
Results
Intramuscular neural distribution were densely detected at 20–40% and 60–80% for the sartorius muscles. The result suggests that the treatment of sartorius muscle spasticity requires botulinum neurotoxin injections in particular locations.
Conclusions
These locations, corresponding to the locations of maximum arborization, are suggested as the most suggestive points for botulinum neurotoxin injection.
Purpose
An antegrade approach is frequently used in catheter-directed thrombolysis to remove deep-vein thrombosis. However, the antegrade approach is difficult when accessing veins with small diameters; therefore, understanding the variation of deep calf vein is important.
Methods
This study measured the diameters and surface areas of the proximal and distal posterior tibial vein, peroneal vein, and anterior tibial vein to determine which are preferable for venous access. This study dissected 132 legs from Korean and Thai cadavers. The proximal and distal posterior tibial vein, peroneal vein, and anterior tibial vein were scanned and measured.
Results
The mean diameter and surface area were largest for the proximal tibial vein, at 6.34 mm and 0.312 cm
2
, respectively, followed by the anterior tibial vein (5.22 mm and 0.213 cm
2
), distal posterior tibial vein (3.29 mm and 0.091 cm
2
), and peroneal vein (3.43 mm and 0.081 cm
2
). The proximal posterior tibial vein and anterior tibial vein have large diameters and surface areas, which make them ideal for applying an antegrade approach in catheter-directed thrombolysis.
Conclusions
The distal posterior tibial vein and peroneal vein are not recommended due to their smaller surface areas and also the anatomical variations therein.
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