“…The main side effects of indomethacin are gastrointestinal complications, ranging from dyspepsia to life-threatening bowel perforation and gastrointestinal bleeds. Indomethacin can also affect renal function, liver function, and platelet activity [71]. Central nervous system side effects include fatigue, dizziness, headache, and confusion [72].…”
Indomethacin-responsive headaches are a heterogeneous group of primary headache disorders distinguished by their swift and often absolute response to indomethacin. The epidemiology of these conditions is incompletely defined. Traditionally, indomethacin-responsive headaches include a subset of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua), Valsalva-induced headaches (cough headache, exercise headache, and sex headache), primary stabbing headache, and hypnic headache. These headache syndromes differ in extent of response to indomethacin, clinical features, and differential diagnoses. Neuroimaging is recommended to investigate for various organic causes that may mimic these headaches. Case reports of other primary headache disorders that also respond to indomethacin, such as cluster headache, nummular headache, and ophthalmoplegic migraine, have been described. These "novel" indomethacin-responsive headaches beg the question of what headache characteristics are required to qualify a headache as an indomethacin-responsive headache. Furthermore, they challenge the concept of using a therapeutic intervention as a diagnostic criterion.
“…The main side effects of indomethacin are gastrointestinal complications, ranging from dyspepsia to life-threatening bowel perforation and gastrointestinal bleeds. Indomethacin can also affect renal function, liver function, and platelet activity [71]. Central nervous system side effects include fatigue, dizziness, headache, and confusion [72].…”
Indomethacin-responsive headaches are a heterogeneous group of primary headache disorders distinguished by their swift and often absolute response to indomethacin. The epidemiology of these conditions is incompletely defined. Traditionally, indomethacin-responsive headaches include a subset of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (paroxysmal hemicrania and hemicrania continua), Valsalva-induced headaches (cough headache, exercise headache, and sex headache), primary stabbing headache, and hypnic headache. These headache syndromes differ in extent of response to indomethacin, clinical features, and differential diagnoses. Neuroimaging is recommended to investigate for various organic causes that may mimic these headaches. Case reports of other primary headache disorders that also respond to indomethacin, such as cluster headache, nummular headache, and ophthalmoplegic migraine, have been described. These "novel" indomethacin-responsive headaches beg the question of what headache characteristics are required to qualify a headache as an indomethacin-responsive headache. Furthermore, they challenge the concept of using a therapeutic intervention as a diagnostic criterion.
“…We suggest similar therapeutic response for HC in the diagnostic criteria and suggest a change in the sentence 'Complete response to therapeutic doses of indomethacin' to 'Headache resolves or greatly improves to therapeutic doses of indomethacin. ' Recent observations suggest that many other drugs may produce complete and persistent effects on HC headaches (32). These again suggest that response to indomethacin should not be an essential feature for making the diagnosis of HC.…”
Present diagnostic criteria are too restrictive. We suggest adding the site of pain in the criteria, as described for trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. Cranial autonomic features, a sense of restlessness during exacerbations, and marked to complete response to indomethacin are three characteristics features of HC. We suggest that the presence of any two may be sufficient to diagnose HC.
“…99 Indomethacin has troublesome side-effects, and alternatives include gabapentin and topiramate. 100 Other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may also be effective if these have not already been tried.…”
In 1982, Mathew et al first used the term "chronic daily headache" (CDH) to describe headaches that occurred almost daily in adults. 1 Twelve years later, Holden et al published the first report on children with CDH. 2 Since then, there have been at least 21 reports globally. Cumulative knowledge suggests that CDH is not only a common chronic pain syndrome in children (the term will be used to include adolescents), but also a multi-faceted, and often complex one. The appreciation of the many aspects of CDH is pivotal to clinical research and management, and is the thrust of our review.
DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATION: THE CONTINUING CONTROVERSY
BackgroundIn the almost 30 years since the original description, CDH continues to evoke passionate debate. Globally accepted criteria ABSTRACT: Chronic daily headache (CDH) is a multi-faceted, often complex pain syndrome in children and adolescents. Chronic daily headache may be primary or secondary. Chronic migraine and chronic tension-type are the most frequent subtypes. Chronic daily headache is co-morbid with adverse life events, anxiety and depressive disorders, possibly with other psychiatric disorders, other pain syndromes and sleep disorders; these conditions contribute to initiating and maintaining CDH. Hence, early management of episodic headache and treatment of associated conditions are crucial to prevention. There is evidence for the benefit of psychological therapies, principally relaxation and cognitive behavioral, and promising information on acupuncture for CDH. Data on drug treatment are based primarily on open label studies. The controversies surrounding CDH are discussed and proposals for improvement presented. The multifaceted nature of CDH makes it a good candidate for a multi-axial classification system. Such an approach should facilitate biopsychosocial management and enhance consistency in clinical research.RÉSUMÉ: La céphalée quotidienne chronique chez les enfants et les adolescents, un syndrome à multiples facettes. La céphalée quotidienne chronique (CQC) est un syndrome douloureux à multiples facettes qui est souvent complexe chez les enfants et les adolescents. La céphalée quotidienne chronique peut être primaire ou secondaire. La migraine chronique et la céphalée de tension chronique sont les sous-types les plus fréquents. La CQC est une comorbidité des incidents fâcheux de la vie, de l'anxiété et des troubles dépressifs, possiblement liée à d'autres troubles psychiatriques, syndromes douloureux et troubles du sommeil. Ces états contribuent à amorcer et à maintenir la CQC. Le traitement précoce de la céphalée épisodique et le traitement des comorbidités est donc crucial pour la prévention. Certaines données démontrent un bénéfice des psychothérapies, principalement de la relaxation et de la thérapie cognitivo-comportementale, et l'acuponcture pour le traitement de la CQC semble prometteuse. Les données sur le traitement médicamenteux sont basées principalement sur des études ouvertes. Nous discutons des controverses entourant la CQC et des mo...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.