Is There Any Opportunity to Provide an HBV Vaccine Booster Dose before Anti-Hbs Titer Vanishes?

Papadopoli, Rosa; Sarro, Caterina De; Torti, Carlo; Pileggi, Claudia; Pavia, Marco

doi:10.3390/vaccines8020227

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In summary, assessing the efficacy of a vaccine is always a complex process, but proved to be particularly so in the case of SARS-CoV-2, since the fundamental understanding of the pathogen is rapidly evolving. Serology testing has been used in the past to support immunization policies and strategies across a variety of vaccine-preventable diseases, providing data on several aspects, such as long-term persistence of protection and the need of a booster dose [31,37], or the vaccine's efficacy in a specific population [38]. Moreover, serology testing has already shown its usefulness since the beginning of the pandemic, before the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines, in the surveillance of the cumulative spread of SARS-CoV-2 within populations by determining the actual number of infections through the serological diagnosis of asymptomatic infections [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 Messenger RNA Vaccine: Real-World Evidence from Italian Adult Population

Papadopoli¹,

Sarro²,

Palleria³

et al. 2021

Vaccines

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Background: This study aims to investigate the extent of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine-induced antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in a large cohort of Italian subjects belonging to the early vaccinated cohort in Italy. Methods: A prospective study was conducted between December 2020 and May 2021. Three blood samples were collected for each participant: one at the time of the first vaccine dose (T0), one at the time of the second vaccine dose, (T1) and the third 30 days after this last dose (T2). Results: We enrolled 2591 fully vaccinated subjects; 16.5% were frail subjects, and 9.8% were over 80 years old. Overall, 98.1% of subjects were seropositive when tested at T2, and 76.3% developed an anti-S IgG titer ≥4160 AU/mL, which is adequate to develop viral neutralizing antibodies. Seronegative subjects at T1 were more likely to remain seronegative at T2 or to develop a low–intermediate anti-S IgG titer (51–4159 AU/mL). Conclusions: In summary, vaccination leads to detectable anti-S IgG titer in nearly all vaccine recipients. Stratification of the seroconversion level could be useful to promptly identify high-risk groups who may not develop a viral neutralizing response, even in the presence of seroconversion, and therefore may remain at higher risk of infection, despite vaccination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 Messenger RNA Vaccine: Real-World Evidence from Italian Adult Population

Papadopoli¹,

Sarro²,

Palleria³

et al. 2021

Vaccines

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“…The correlation of antibodies with seroprotection is driven by the belief that neutralizing antibodies are the major correlate of protection against HBV infection, and several infectious agents 38 – 41 . However, another side of the argument is that levels of anti-HBs neutralizing antibodies may not accurately correlate with seroprotection because recall or anamnestic responses may ensure effective protection against HBV upon exposure 13 , 35 , 42 – 45 . In this context, the waning of seroprotection may not be of clinical or epidemiological consequence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review reveals that African children of 15–17 years demonstrate low hepatitis B vaccine seroprotection rates

Muwanda,

Sendagire,

Mboowa

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Childhood HBV immunization remains globally fundamental to the elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, monitoring proportions of HBV vaccine seroprotection and their determinants among African Pediatric recipients is crucial. This study sought to verify extent of immune protection accorded by the HBV vaccine in African children of up to 17 years of age by pooling the prevalence of seroprotection reported by primary studies conducted in the Northern, Western, and Southern African regions. We included 19 eligible articles out of the 197 initially downloaded, published from 1999 to 2021 from African Journals Online (AJOL), EMBASE, Scopus, and PubMed. The study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), University of York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, under the registration number CRD42022361277. Significantly higher (p < 0.0001) proportion of HBV vaccine seroprotection (69.07%) was found among children under 15 years of age than children 15–17 years (32.368%), 95% CI [34.2454–39.0847%]. Whereas successful integration of the HBV vaccine on the extended programs on immunizations (EPI) has been a major achievement in the reduction of HBV infection in Africa, markedly reduced HBV vaccine seroprotection is persistently demonstrated among adolescent children 15–17 years of age. Future studies are required to clarify the need for booster dose vaccination in most at risk populations and age groups.

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“…Indeed, as suggested recently by Papadopoli et al [ 45 ], it could be interesting to analyze the baseline anti-HBs levels, on which depends the response to a subsequent booster dose. As suggested, a booster dose of the HBV vaccine could be insufficient to reach an acceptable immunological response in subjects with undetectable anti-HBs titers at the baseline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Elevated TGA-IgA Titers and Older Age at Diagnosis with Absence of HBV Seroconversion in Celiac Children

et al. 2021

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Patients with celiac disease can have a low rate of protective hepatitis B (HBV) antibody titers after vaccination. We aimed to evaluate the HBV seroconversion in celiac disease (CD) children at the time of diagnosis as well as to identify the presence of possible predictive factors. Celiac disease children were prospectively enrolled and tested for antibodies against the S protein of HBV (HBsAg) at time of diagnosis between January 2009 and February 2020. Based on the serologic response to the vaccine, “responders” and “non-responders” were identified. Statistical analysis has been performed through R statistical software (3.5.1 version, R core Team) Of 96 CD children evaluated, 41.7% (n = 40) showed non-protective or absent antibody titers against HBV. Elevated IgA-antibodies against transglutaminase 2 (TGA-IgA) values and older age at diagnosis were associated with an absent seroconversion to HBV vaccine, while presenting symptoms were not significant. An elevated prevalence of absent seroconversion to HBV vaccine exists in this cohort of CD patients at the time of disease diagnosis. Elevated TGA-IgA titers and older age at diagnosis seem to negatively predict seroconversion. Further studies are needed to identify the real profile of “non-responders”, aiming to organize surveillance and eventual revaccination strategy.

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Is There Any Opportunity to Provide an HBV Vaccine Booster Dose before Anti-Hbs Titer Vanishes?

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 Messenger RNA Vaccine: Real-World Evidence from Italian Adult Population

Serological Response to SARS-CoV-2 Messenger RNA Vaccine: Real-World Evidence from Italian Adult Population

A systematic review reveals that African children of 15–17 years demonstrate low hepatitis B vaccine seroprotection rates

Association between Elevated TGA-IgA Titers and Older Age at Diagnosis with Absence of HBV Seroconversion in Celiac Children

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