Is there any association between gut microbiota and type 1 diabetes? A systematic review

Abstract

Introduction Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the second most common autoimmune disease among children. There is evidence suggesting that dysbiosis of some gut colonizing bacteria are associated with the pathogenesis of T1D. However, these studies are still controversial and a systematic review was conducted to evaluate the association between gut microbiota and T1D. Methods A systematic search was carried out in Medline (Via Pubmed) and Embase from January 2000 to January 2019 for all original cross-sectional, cohort, case–control or nested case–control studies investigating the association between gut microbiota and T1D. Results Of 568 articles identified, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. The total population study of these articles consists of 2600 children (under 18 years old) and 189 adults. Among the included studies, 24 articles confirmed the association between gut microbiota dysbiosis and T1D. The most common bacterial alterations in T1D patients included Bacteroides spp., Streptococcus spp., Clostridium spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Prevotella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Blautia spp., Faecalibacterium spp., Roseburia spp., and Lactobacillus spp. Conclusion Our study showed a significant association between alterations in intestinal microbial composition and T1D; however, in some articles, it is not clear which one happens first. Investigation of altered gut microbiota can help in the early detection of T1D before seropositivity. Targeted microbiome modulation can be a novel potential therapeutic strategy.

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Neurological Disorders

“…A potential complication of diabetes mellitus is peripheral neuropathy with accompanying neuropathic pain and peripheral neuropathy is positively associated with insulin resistance (Han et al, 2015). Interestingly, patients with diabetes mellitus have a different gut microbiota composition and function compared to controls (Qin et al, 2012;Karlsson et al, 2013;Jamshidi et al, 2019). FMT may alter insulin resistance and thereby neuropathic pain.…”

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Type 1 Diabetes

“…Gut microbiota has an important role in the regulation of metabolism. Although causality between dysbiosis and T1D has not been proved yet in humans because long-term placebo-controlled trials are missing, literature data suggested a role of the gut microbiota in the disease development [27,28,104,105] and a recent published review concluded that the altered abundance of specific members or reduced diversity of gut microbiota was associated with the progression of T1D [106].…”

“…Research on environmental factors involved in the etiology of islet autoimmunity were focused on the role of viruses [20,21], early infant diet [22,23], childhood weight gain [24], vitamin D [25], gut microbiome [26][27][28], and environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) [29][30][31].…”

Effect of Probiotic Administration on Serum Tryptophan Metabolites in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Patients

“…Technologies are now available to better dissect the interplay between the host's microbiome and systemic immunity 4 ; at the same time, large cohorts of children at increased risk for T1D development have been monitored over time for gaining insight into the role of the microbiota in T1D prevention versus pathogenesis. 5 Recently, the TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study provided some evidence that early administration of probiotics (mostly, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp.) is associated with a reduced risk of islet autoimmunity.…”