Is there an influence of modern life style on skeletal build?

Scheffler, Christiane; Hermanussen, Michael

doi:10.1002/ajhb.22561

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…As a parallel trend to the increase in overweight and obesity, a decline in external skeletal robusticity in school children and young adolescents was observed in the last 20 years, e.g. in Germany (Scheffler 2011;Rietsch et al 2013a;Scheffler & Hermanussen 2014) and Russia (Rietsch et al 2013b). As a main reason lack of activity, in particular daily physical activity, is assumed (Rietsch et al 2013a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

External skeletal robusticity of children and adolescents – European references from birth to adulthood and international comparisons

et al. 2018

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In our modern world, the way of life in nutritional and activity behaviour has changed. As a consequence, parallel trends of an epidemic of overweight and a decline in external skeletal robusticity are observed in children and adolescents. We aim to develop reference centiles for external skeletal robusticity of European girls and boys aged 0 to 18 years using the Frame Index as an indicator and identify population specific age-related patterns. We analysed cross-sectional & longitudinal data on body height and elbow breadth of boys and girls from Europe (0-18 years, n = 41.679), India (7-18 years, n = 3.297) and South Africa (3-18 years, n = 4.346). As an indicator of external skeletal robusticity Frame Index after Frisancho (1990) was used. We developed centiles for boys and girls using the LMS-method and its extension. Boys have greater external skeletal robusticity than girls. Whereas in girls Frame Index decreases continuously during growth, an increase of Frame Index from 12 to 16 years in European boys can be observed. Indian and South African boys are almost similar in Frame Index to European boys. In girls, the pattern is slightly different. Whereas South African girls are similar to European girls, Indian girls show a lesser external skeletal robusticity. Accurate references for external skeletal robusticity are needed to evaluate if skeletal development is adequate per age. They should be used to monitor effects of changes in way of life and physical activity levels in children and adolescents to avoid negative health outcomes like osteoporosis and arthrosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

External skeletal robusticity of children and adolescents – European references from birth to adulthood and international comparisons

et al. 2018

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“…The percentage of body fat also increased in normal‐weight children and adolescents over time. Intriguingly, skeleton breadth measures taken from the same population decreased over time (Scheffler & Hermanussen, ). Together our results and the previous study demonstrate that normal‐weight individuals of one population had a lower percentage of body fat and more bones and muscles in 1982–1991 as compared to the years 1997–2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But this decrease of physical activity is a Germany‐wide and worldwide phenomenon (Sandercock, Voss, McConnell, & Rayner, ; Sigmundová, El Ansari, Sigmund, & Frömel, ). Recent research has extensively addressed whether and how changes in physical activity (Woll et al, ; Walther, Kramer, & Röbl, ; Müller, Koertzinger, Mast, Langnäse, & Grund, ) and nutrition contribute to the increasing rate of obesity (Kromeyer‐Hauschild, 2012) and even lead to alteration of body composition (Rietsch, Eccard, & Scheffler, ; Scheffler & Hermanussen, ) in the German population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feminization of the fat distribution pattern of children and adolescents in a recent German population

Scheffler

Dammhahn

2017

American J Hum Biol

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Concurrent with drastic and rapid changes of environmental conditions, the body fat distribution of children and adolescents changed to a more feminized pattern during the early 1990s in an East German population. The changes in this endocrinologically mediated pattern might be associated with the increased exposure of individuals to endocrine-disrupting chemicals which are known to influence the endocrine, reproductive, and immune systems in animals and humans.

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“…It has also been reported that the Frame‐Index in children has a positive relationship with not only BMI but also BF% and stronger with physical activity (PA) (Rietsch, Eccard, & Scheffler, ). Therefore, an important body of research indicates that skeletal morphology in childhood is strongly related to the modern lifestyle (Hermanussen, Scheffler, Groth, & Aßmann, ; Scheffler & Hermanussen, ) and that it can change according to the characteristics of each locality (Mumm et al, ; Rietsch, Godina, & Scheffler, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

External skeletal robustness and adiposity in adolescents of low socioeconomic status: A cross‐sectional analysis of body composition

Lizana

Hormazábal-Peralta

2019

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives: External skeletal robustness has been decreasing in children, potentially due to a lack of physical activity and the increased prevalence of obesity. However, whether socioeconomic status (SES) influences external skeletal robustness in adolescents has not yet been examined. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to examine 370 Chilean adolescents (16.15 ± 1.01 years old) recruited from distinct educational establishments. Body fat percentage (BF%) was evaluated using Ellis' equations for Hispanic children. Obesity was defined as ≥25 BF% in males and ≥ 30 BF% in females. External skeletal robustness was obtained by measuring the humerus biepicondylar width and height (Frame-Index). SES was obtained through the ESOMAR survey. Results: Females exhibited significantly greater BF% and lower Frame-Index values than males (P < .001). Obese adolescents (by BF%) had greater Frame-Index values than non-obese adolescents (P < .001). Females of medium-high SES had significantly lower BF% and Frame-Index values than females of medium and medium-low SES. BF% had a positive correlation with Frame-Index values in all SES groups studied, except in males of medium-high SES. As SES decreased, the correlation increased in both sexes, but overall, the correlation was greater in females than males. Conclusions: The results of this investigation suggest that obesity increases external skeletal robustness in adolescents. Additionally, lower SES corresponded to higher BF% and Frame-Index values. Therefore, modern conditions that influence the prevalence of obesity in adolescence could be affecting bone health in adolescents, primarily in females of medium-low SES. d Comparisons were performed using the One-way ANOVA test with post-hoc comparison Bonferroni test. e Comparisons were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc comparison Dunn's test. * P < .05. † ESOMAR survey to determine socioeconomic status was used.

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Is there an influence of modern life style on skeletal build?

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

External skeletal robusticity of children and adolescents – European references from birth to adulthood and international comparisons

External skeletal robusticity of children and adolescents – European references from birth to adulthood and international comparisons

Feminization of the fat distribution pattern of children and adolescents in a recent German population

External skeletal robustness and adiposity in adolescents of low socioeconomic status: A cross‐sectional analysis of body composition

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