“…Further, recent changes to trade secret law and the emergence of third-parties specialising in DLT-based trade secret management have made early disclosure more feasible than ever-these developments are discussed in Appendix B. Firms can currently request early pre-grant publication in some jurisdictions, and the benefits of this early disclosure are particularly pertinent for small firms who do not have the resources to commercialise a promising invention. Patent applications, and patents themselves, are vital to the success of these firms as measures of their capabilities and can be used as a signal to investors (Lemley, 2000;Long, 2002;Hsu and Ziedonis, 2008;Veer and Jell, 2012;Häussler et al, 2012;de Rassenfosse, 2012;Conti et al, 2013;Hall, 2019;Farre-Mensa et al, 2019). Immediate disclosure would speed up these fundraising processes, including pregrant licensing (Hegde and Luo, 2017) and loans (Saidi and Zaldokas, 2017), and therefore the realisation of the public and private benefits stemming from these inventions.…”