Is There a Link between COVID-19 Mortality with Genus, Age, ABO Blood Group Type, and ACE2 Gene Polymorphism?

Chegni, Hamid; Pakravan, Nafiseh; Saadati, Mojtaba; Ghaffari, Ali; Skouri, Hadi; Hassan, Zuhair Mohammad

doi:10.18502/ijph.v49i8.3910

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The results are inconsistent. However, it seems that the risk of COVID-19 is positively associated with A blood group compared with O phenotype [ 17 , 18 , 24 , 26 , 28 ]. Our present finding, confirmed the relationship of ABO genetic system with susceptibility to COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is associated with ABO and Rh blood groups: a case-control study from Afghanistan

Saify¹,

Alborz²,

Saadat

2021

Egypt J Med Hum Genet

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Background There are preliminary studies about the association between COVID-19 and ABO phenotypes and the results are controversial. There are only two studies which investigated the association of Rh blood groups in addition to ABO with COVID-19; however, in the statistical analysis ABO and Rh blood groups have been considered separately. Therefore, the present case-control study was performed to determine the association of COVID-19 with ABO blood groups considering the Rh blood groups simultaneously. The study was conducted in Kunduz COVID-19 treatment specific center, Spin-Zar Hospital (Kunduz Province, North East Afghanistan). A total of 301 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 1039 healthy blood donors as control group were included in the study. Results The Rh− phenotype strongly increased the risk of COVID-19 (OR = 2.97, 95% CI 1.86–3.89, P < 0.001). Although blood group A increased the risk of developing COVID-19, the association did not reach statistical significance. In analysis of the combination phenotypes, the A− blood group remarkably increased the risk of COVID-19 (OR = 7.24, 95% CI 3.62–14.4, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the interaction of Rh and ABO is significant (P < 0.013). Conclusion These findings indicate that susceptibility to COVID-19 is strongly associated with A− blood group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is associated with ABO and Rh blood groups: a case-control study from Afghanistan

Saify¹,

Alborz²,

Saadat

2021

Egypt J Med Hum Genet

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“…( A ) Blood group O odd ratios (ORs) of COVID-19 relative to the other blood groups and blood group O frequencies at various geographical locations. Odd ratios were obtained from the works in [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 14 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 22 , 24 ], and the frequencies of blood group O were those reported in the groups of controls of the corresponding studies, representing frequencies in the local populations. OR values in populations where frequencies of blood group O are below and above 40% (O < 0.4 and O > 0.4, respectively) were compared by a two-tailed Mann–Whitney test.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, soon after the beginning of the pandemic a publication from Wuhan, China, reported a higher risk of infection for people of blood group A, and inversely a lower risk for people of blood group O [ 1 ]. Since then, associations with the ABO blood groups have been described in several additional publications from China as well as many other locations from Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and North America [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Associations between ABO phenotypes were described with either the risk of infection or disease severity, although most studies did not explicitly separate these two aspects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABO Blood Types and COVID-19: Spurious, Anecdotal, or Truly Important Relationships? A Reasoned Review of Available Data

Pendu

Breiman

Rocher

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Since the emergence of COVID-19, many publications have reported associations with ABO blood types. Despite between-study discrepancies, an overall consensus has emerged whereby blood group O appears associated with a lower risk of COVID-19, while non-O blood types appear detrimental. Two major hypotheses may explain these findings: First, natural anti-A and anti-B antibodies could be partially protective against SARS-CoV-2 virions carrying blood group antigens originating from non-O individuals. Second, O individuals are less prone to thrombosis and vascular dysfunction than non-O individuals and therefore could be at a lesser risk in case of severe lung dysfunction. Here, we review the literature on the topic in light of these hypotheses. We find that between-study variation may be explained by differences in study settings and that both mechanisms are likely at play. Moreover, as frequencies of ABO phenotypes are highly variable between populations or geographical areas, the ABO coefficient of variation, rather than the frequency of each individual phenotype is expected to determine impact of the ABO system on virus transmission. Accordingly, the ABO coefficient of variation correlates with COVID-19 prevalence. Overall, despite modest apparent risk differences between ABO subtypes, the ABO blood group system might play a major role in the COVID-19 pandemic when considered at the population level.

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“…It is now rather well documented through a large set of studies that blood group A individuals are at a higher risk of COVID-19 than individuals of blood group O, whilst blood group B seldom shows significant odd ratios relative to the other blood groups ( Aktimur et al, 2020 ; Barnkob et al, 2020 ; Chegni et al, 2020 ; Ellinghaus et al, 2020 ; Göker et al, 2020 ; Latz et al, 2020 ; Leaf et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Muniz-Diaz et al, 2020 ; Shelton et al, 2020 ; Sohlpour et al, 2020 ; Valenti et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020 ; Zeng et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ; Zhao J. et al, 2020 ; Zietz et al, 2020 ). We recently observed that anti-A and anti-B agglutinating natural antibodies were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients compared with controls ( Deleers et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, group O individuals possess anti-A and anti-B antibodies that could have protected them from viral particles emitted by either blood group A or B patients. Interestingly, a large number of observations indicate that blood group O individuals have a lower risk of COVID-19, whereas blood group A individuals appear to be at a higher risk ( Cheng et al, 2005 ; Abdollahi et al, 2020 ; Ahmed et al, 2020 ; Aljanobi et al, 2020 ; Barnkob et al, 2020 ; Chegni et al, 2020 ; Delanghe et al, 2020 ; Dzik et al, 2020 ; Ellinghaus et al, 2020 ; Fan et al, 2020 ; Franchini et al, 2020 ; Gallian et al, 2020 ; Göker et al, 2020 ; Hoiland et al, 2020 ; Latz et al, 2020 ; Leaf et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Muniz-Diaz et al, 2020 ; Niles et al, 2020 ; Padhi et al, 2020 ; Ray et al, 2020 ; Roberts et al, 2020 ; Shelton et al, 2020 ; Sohlpour et al, 2020 ; Valenti et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020 ; Zeng et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2020 ; Zhao J. et al, 2020 ; Zietz et al, 2020 ). Only a few studies failed to find any association between ABO types and COVID-19, likely depending on study design ( Boudin et al, 2020 ; Focosi et al, 2020 ; Pairo-Castineira et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Levels of Natural Anti-α-N-Acetylgalactosamine (Tn) Antibodies Are Associated With COVID-19

et al. 2021

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Human serum contains large amounts of anti-carbohydrate antibodies, some of which may recognize epitopes on viral glycans. Here, we tested the hypothesis that such antibodies may confer protection against COVID-19 so that patients would be preferentially found among people with low amounts of specific anti-carbohydrate antibodies since individual repertoires vary considerably. After selecting glycan epitopes commonly represented in the human anti-carbohydrate antibody repertoire that may also be expressed on viral glycans, plasma levels of the corresponding antibodies were determined by ELISA in 88 SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, including 13 asymptomatic, and in 82 non-infected controls. We observed that anti-Tn antibodies levels were significantly lower in patients as compared to non-infected individuals. This was not observed for any of the other tested carbohydrate epitopes, including anti-αGal antibodies used as a negative control since the epitope cannot be synthesized by humans. Owing to structural homologies with blood groups A and B antigens, we also observed that anti-Tn and anti-αGal antibodies levels were lower in blood group A and B, respectively. Analyses of correlations between anti-Tn and the other anti-carbohydrates tested revealed divergent patterns of correlations between patients and controls, suggesting qualitative differences in addition to the quantitative difference. Furthermore, anti-Tn levels correlated with anti-S protein levels in the patients’ group, suggesting that anti-Tn might contribute to the development of the specific antiviral response. Overall, this first analysis allows to hypothesize that natural anti-Tn antibodies might be protective against COVID-19.

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Is There a Link between COVID-19 Mortality with Genus, Age, ABO Blood Group Type, and ACE2 Gene Polymorphism?

Abstract: The article's abstract is no available.

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Susceptibility to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is associated with ABO and Rh blood groups: a case-control study from Afghanistan

Susceptibility to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is associated with ABO and Rh blood groups: a case-control study from Afghanistan

ABO Blood Types and COVID-19: Spurious, Anecdotal, or Truly Important Relationships? A Reasoned Review of Available Data

Low Levels of Natural Anti-α-N-Acetylgalactosamine (Tn) Antibodies Are Associated With COVID-19

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