Is the rectum usually empty?—A quantitative study in subjects with and without diarrhea

McNeil, N I; Rampton, D S

doi:10.1007/bf02605753

Cited by 33 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The results of a Japanese collaborative study are consistent with our findings (Wakai et al, 2007). The reasons may be that rectum is empty in most of the time, thus reducing the effect of fibre (McNeil et al, 1981) or because the fermentable rates of fibre and bacterial growth are highest in the colon (Mai et al, 2003). However, one study showed that insoluble fibre had a strong inverse relationship with rectal cancer (Slattery et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Dietary Fibre and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Case-Control Study

Song¹,

Liu²,

Yang³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly occurring cancers in China. Dietary fibre has been thought to decrease the risk of colorectal cancer in Western countries. However, studies investigating the association between dietary fibre (particularly soluble and insoluble fibres) and colorectal cancer have hitherto been lacking in China. Objective: This case-control study examined the effect of dietary fibre intake on the risk of colorectal cancer, stratified by tumour site. Materials and Methods: The study included 265 cases (colon cancer, 105; rectal cancer, 144; colon and rectal cancer, 16) and 252 controls residing in Qingdao. A food frequency questionnaire that included 121 food items was used to collect dietary information. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression analysis. Results: For food groups, controls in the study consumed more vegetables, soy food and total fibre than did colorectal cancer patients (p<0.05). The intakes of fruit, meat and sea-food did not differ significantly between cases and controls. However, we did not find any association between soy food intake and colon cancer. We observed inverse associations between total fibre intake and colorectal, colon and rectal cancer (

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Dietary Fibre and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Case-Control Study

Song¹,

Liu²,

Yang³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…50 In addition, associations were primarily seen for colon cancer rather than rectal cancer, which is to some degree expected, as any beneficial effects of dietary fibers would presumably be reduced due to the short retention time in the rectum. 51 Results for distal and proximal colon cancer were generally similar, indicating an inverse association of total and cereal fiber intake on both subsites of colon cancer. Some differences were seen, but no clear pattern emerged from the subsite analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Intake of dietary fiber, especially from cereal foods, is associated with lower incidence of colon cancer in the HELGA cohort

Hansen

Skeie

Landberg

et al. 2011

Intl Journal of Cancer

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The role of dietary fiber on the risk of colon and rectal cancer has been investigated in numerous studies, but findings have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between intake of dietary fiber and risk of incident colon (including distal and proximal colon) and rectal cancer in the prospective Scandinavian HELGA cohort and to determine if fiber source (vegetables, fruits, potatoes, cereals) impacted the association. We included 1,168 incident cases (691 colon, 477 rectal cancer), diagnosed during a median of 11.3 years, among 108,081 cohort members. Sex-specific incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of colon and rectal cancer were related to intake of total or specific fiber source using Cox proportional hazards models. For men, an inverse association was observed between intake of total fiber and the risk of colon cancer per an incremental increase of 10 g day 21, IRR (95% CI): 0.74 (0.64-0.86). Intake of cereal fiber per 2 g day 21 was associated with an IRR of 0.94 (0.91-0.98), which was also seen for intake of cereal fiber from foods with high fiber content (!5 g per 100 g product), where the IRR per 2 g day 21 was 0.94 (0.90-0.98). In women, intake of cereal fiber per 2 g day 21 was also associated with lower risk of colon cancer, 0.97 (0.93-1.00). No clear associations were seen for rectal cancer. Our data indicate a protective role of total and cereal fiber intake, particularly from cereal foods with high fiber content, in the prevention of colon cancer.

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“…This could be due to the fact that there was less contact time of sennosides with the rectal mucosa, as colonic contents probably stay for a shorter period in the rectum than in the other areas of the colon even though the rectum contains more faecal material in patients receiving bowel preparation than in subjects without diarrhoea, in whom the rectum is mostly empty [25]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of a Highly Purified Senna Extract on Colonic Epithelium

Gorkom¹,

Karrenbeld

Sluis³

et al. 2000

Digestion

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Background: Chronic use of sennoside laxatives often causes pseudomelanosis coli. A recent study suggested that pseudomelanosis coli is associated with an increased colorectal cancer risk. A single high dose of highly purified senna extract increased proliferation rate and reduced crypt length in the sigmoid colon compared to historical controls. Aims: To evaluate in a controlled study the effects of highly purified senna extract on cell proliferation and crypt length in the entire colon and on p53 and bcl-2 expression. Methods: Addition of a senna extract to colonic lavage was studied in 184 consecutive outpatients. From 32 randomised patients, 15 with sennosides (Sen), 17 without (NSen), biopsies were taken. Proliferative activity was studied in 4 areas of the colon, using 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine labelling and immunohistochemistry (labelling index, LI). Expression of p53 and bcl-2 in the sigmoid colon was determined immunohistochemically. Results: Crypts were shorter in Sen than in NSen in the transverse and sigmoid colon. LI was higher in Sen than in NSen in the entire colon. No difference in p53 expression was seen. Bcl-2 expression was higher in both groups when crypts were shorter and/or proliferation was increased. Conclusion: Sennosides induce acute massive cell loss probably by apoptosis, causing shorter crypts, and increased cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis to restore cellularity. These effects may reflect the mechanism for the suggested cancer-promoting effect of chronic sennoside use.

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Is the rectum usually empty?—A quantitative study in subjects with and without diarrhea

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

Dietary Fibre and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Case-Control Study

Dietary Fibre and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Case-Control Study

Intake of dietary fiber, especially from cereal foods, is associated with lower incidence of colon cancer in the HELGA cohort

Influence of a Highly Purified Senna Extract on Colonic Epithelium

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